Relation Between Dementia, Depression and Anxiety and the Impact of Losing a Loved One
Mwaisumo 1
Relation Between Dementia, Depression and Anxiety and the Impact of Losing a Loved One. Comment by Ed Schultze: Excellent
Introduction
It is estimated that over 44million adults have a mental health condition in the United States whereas the rate of youth experiencing a mental health condition continues to rise from 11.93% to 12.63% (Mental Health America). Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions disorders that affect people’s mood, thinking and behavior. Mental illness disorders include; depression, anxiety and addictive behaviors. When people experience mental health concerns from time to time, becomes a mental health as ongoing signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect ability to function. Mental illness disorders have been a big challenge to many people as it causes problems to people’s lives such as in relationships, work and in the family. From the mental illness disorders, the following is a discussion about depression and anxiety. Comment by Ed Schultze: Nice way to start. Numbers/stats really make a paper stand out Comment by Ed Schultze: Conditions/disorders or conditions and/or disorders Comment by Ed Schultze: Minor point better to just use addiction. There is more to addiction than addictive behaviors
Depression refers to an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts and that affects the way a person eats, sleeps, feels about himself or herself. Depression is a common and serious medical disorder that negatively affects people’s mood and behavior. People suffering from depression normally experience persistent feelings of sadness and hopeless and always lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. According to the Journal of the American Medical Association, the lifetime incidence of depression in the United States is more than 20-26% for women and 8-12% for men (Lieber, A,2018). Depression can happen at any age, but often begins in the teens or early 20s or 30s. Comment by Ed Schultze: Good Comment by Ed Schultze: Avoid absolutes; you likely will not be able to defend them. Instead consider qualifiers such as: “most of the time, may, could, likely, characteristically, expectedly’, see comment below Comment by Ed Schultze: Good use of research. It seems to me these staats differ from NIMH stats
There various types of depression, some of them are;
· Major Depression: this depression usually refers to depressive in general. Major depression is also known as unipolar. Major depression involves a low mood, losing interest of something that once used to be enjoyable. This depression normally last for at least two weeks or longer and can be classified as mild, moderate or sew. The Unipolar depression signifies a difference between major depression and bipolar depression. Bipolar depressive is an oscillating state depression and mania whereas, Unipolar depression is solely focused on the lows or the negative emotion and symptoms that a person may have experienced. Comment by Ed Schultze: The depressive episode the depression lasts indefinitely Comment by Ed Schultze: severe
· Psychotic Depression: psychotic depression is a subtype of major depression that occurs when a severe depressive illness includes some form of psychosis. People with psychosis may hear voices or they may have strange illogical ideas. Such people usually think that other people can hear their thoughts or are trying to harm them. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a person who is psychotic is out of touch with reality (Goldberg, J,2017).
· Catatonic Depression: This type of depression is characterized by the inability of a person to move normally. People that suffer from this type of depression usually remain motionless and speechless for a long period of time.
· Melancholic Depression: This type of depression makes people move more slowly. Also, such people normally suffer from low mood, sadness and often lose pleasure in almost everything.
· Agitated depression: Agitated depression is also known as mixed mania and occurs more among middle aged and elderly people than children and teens. This depression is a major depressive disorder with restlessness and motor excitement. Medical experts describe agitated depression as anxious depression or distraught depression.
· Situational Depression: This type of depression is also known as adjustment disorder. This type of depression occurs after a traumatic change such as change in person’s life, divorce, losing a job or death of a close loved one.
· Bipolar disorders: These disorders also known as manic disorders, generally alternate from extremely low moods to periods of extreme highs. Bipolar causes serious shifts in mood, energy, thinking, and behavior from the highs of mania on one extreme, to the lows of depression on the other. Bipolar disorder symptoms include excitement, poor judgement, racing thoughts and high energy. There are four subtypes under these disorders.
1. Bipolar 1: characterized by people who have at least one manic episode.
· Bipolar 11: Characterized by mild hypomanic episodes as well as depression.
· Cyclothymic disorder: Having chronic fluctuating moods in a period at least two years or more. Comment by Ed Schultze: I like your list it is good
Depression has many symptoms including:
· Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness
· Angry outbursts
· Irritability or frustration, even over small matters
· Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports
· Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
· Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort
· Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
· Decreased energy or fatigue
· Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
· Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame
· Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
· Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
· Moving or talking so slowly Comment by Ed Schultze: Or rapidly
· Loss of appetite or weight changes
· Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches
Anxiety is an emotional characterized by feelings of tension, worried thought and physical changes like increased blood pressure. The Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports that anxiety disorder is the most common mental health condition in America, affecting around 18 percent of the entire population (Thorpe, Jr, 2016) Comment by Ed Schultze: Anxiety may be characterized by:…..
There several types of anxiety disorders, these include;
· Generalized anxiety disorder: this type of depression is marked by excessive anxiety for no logical reasons. GAC is diagnosed when extreme worry about a variety of things lasts six months or longer. Comment by Ed Schultze: GAD Comment by Ed Schultze: There are many more components
· Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD); Obsessive Compulsive Disorder results in repeated, unwanted thoughts and rituals that interfere with everyday living. People with OCD may feel overwhelmed with the desire to perform rituals (compulsions) repeatedly or experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts that can be distressing (obsessions). Common obsessions include concerns about cleanliness or aggressive impulsive.
· Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); PTSD develops after people have experienced or witnessed something traumatic. The traumatic experience that triggers PTSD may be prompted by a variety of events, such as serving in the military or being the victim of rape or childhood abuse.
· Social anxiety disorder; this disorder involves a paralyzing fear of social situations and of being judged or humiliated by others. This severe social phobia can leave one feeling ashamed and alone. Comment by Ed Schultze: This is now referred to as Social Phobia
· Panic Disorder; this type of disorder is characterized by panic attacks. Panic attacks usually subside after about half an hour but can leave people feeling fatigue. Physical symptoms of panic disorder include heart palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
Symptoms of anxiety disorders include;
· Panic, fear, and uneasiness
· Sleep problems
· Not being able to stay calm and still
· Cold, sweaty, numb or tingling hands or feet
· Shortness of breath
· Heart palpitations
· Dry mouth
· Nausea
· Tense muscles
· Dizziness
Relationship between Anxiety Disorder and Depression and Dementia.
Anxiety and Depression disorders are not the same but have similar elements. As depression is mostly considered a low energy state, anxiety is considered a high energy state. Depressed people often experience emotions such as hopelessness and anger. Such people often are overwhelmed by their relationships and daily activities tasks. While for the people with anxiety disorder, experience fear and panic. In today’s world, most people suffer from both anxiety and depression. Depression exacerbated by anxiety has a higher suicidal rate than depression alone. According to one study, 92% of depressed patients who had attempted suicide were also plagued by severe anxiety (Croft, H, 2016). Both depression and anxiety have similar treatment. The dementia-to-depression in the potentially causal relationship between the two disorders is supported by findings that people with dementia appear to have a higher prevalence of depression. However, prevalence rates vary widely depending on the study population (psychiatric outpatients, Alzheimer registries, old-age homes), instruments used, and diagnostic definitions. Comment by Ed Schultze: May be considered Comment by Ed Schultze: Be a little careful here. Individuals with anxiety may also experience problems with relationships and daily activities. This is a case study and not a research paper so this is not critical Comment by Ed Schultze: Not really You can probably assert that many experience both…
