DQ reply 5 634 – Savvy Essay Writers | savvyessaywriters.net
DQ reply 5 634 – Savvy Essay Writers | savvyessaywriters.net
Need help to reply three post.
DO NOT JUST REPEAT SAME INFORMATION, DO NOT JUST SAY I AGREE OR THINGS LIKE THAT. YOU NEED TO ADD NEW INFORMATION TO DISCUSSION.
1- Each reply should be at least 200 words.
2- Minimum One scholarly reference ( NO MAYO CLINIC/ AHA)
3- APA 6th edition style needs to be followed.
4- Each response should have reference at the end of each reply
5- Reference should be within last 5 years
Need help to reply three post.
DO NOT JUST REPEAT SAME INFORMATION, DO NOT JUST SAY I AGREE OR THINGS LIKE THAT. YOU NEED TO ADD NEW INFORMATION TO DISCUSSION.
1- Each reply should be at least 200 words.
2- Minimum One scholarly reference ( NO MAYO CLINIC/ AHA)
3- APA 6th edition style needs to be followed.
4- Each response should have reference at the end of each reply
5- Reference should be within last 5 years
DQ-1
Impetigo is a disease characterized by superficial infection of the skin that begins as small vesicles. These vesicles rupture and for crust. The crust is honey colored with a presentation of bullous or non-bullous. The risk factors in developing impetigo are being exposed to humind environment , insect bites, minor cuts and poor hygiene. Non-bullous vesicles are 1 to 2mm in diameter that rupture and form a honey colored crust. These wound often time weep and present as red colored shallow ulcerations. These are common on the patients mouth, face, nose,eyes. They can arise from insect bites or trauma. Bullous type most common in newborn babies presented on their diaper area or neck folds. These infections if left untreated may become systemin infections such as sepsis (Moes-Wójtowicz, Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Opałka,Kalicki, Jung,2015). These vesicles are fluid filled blisters that become limp and then burst open. Upon assessment of the patient history and chief complaint I will assess for risks mentioned above and see if the patient has any of these risks. Second, I will identify if the vesicles are as described above. If the patient meets criteria, I will then swab the area for culture. These skin conditions often are associated with bacterial infections such as in group Strep infections (Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio,Corredor-Osorio, 2016). Differential diagnosis consists of herpes simplex, insect bites and dermatitis. The treatment for this are topic antibiotics and frequently washing of the area that is infected. In severe cases systeming antibitics may be required for this infection. Children that are infected may not return to school until infection is controlled.
Corredor-Osorio, R., Corredor-Osorio, M., & Corredor-Osorio, A. (2016). Eyelid nonbullous impetigo. Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online, 7(3), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20163.78
Alicja Moes-Wójtowicz, Anna Wachnicka-Bąk, Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka, Bolesław Kalicki, & Anna Jung. (2015). Impetigo asacause of sepsis ininfants. Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna, 11(2), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiMR.2015.0021
DQ-2
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm skin cancer worldwide (Liu, Liu, & Bian, 2020). Risk factors include gender, age, immunosuppression, chemicals (arsenic), and ultraviolet light exposure. BCC is more prevalent in Caucasian males, typically, after the age of 40 years, and develops slowly in exposed areas of the body, such as the scalp, face, ears, neck, and trunk (Liu et al., 2020). Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the most common cause of BCC. There are various presentations of BCC. Typically, nodular BCC presents as a pearly, translucent nodule with a firm elevated border, visible telangiectatic vessels, and a depressed center with or without ulceration (Balaji, Duraisamy, & Kumar, 2019). Other BCCs can include superficial, which is erythematous and a well-circumscribed macule, morphoeic that presents as a whitish scar, or pigmented which is a well-defined melanization that is mostly seen in dark-skinned individuals (Balaji et al., 2019). BCCs rarely metastasize but can infiltrate and destroy surrounding tissue.
For clinical diagnosis, a dermoscopy can identify features, including benign or malignant and patterns of pigmentation or vascular structures, to distinguish between BCC subtypes and other skin disorders, such as melanoma (Peris et al., 2019). In cases of pigmented BCC, the ABCDE rule should be utilized to rule out melanoma. A skin biopsy and histopathology can confirm the diagnosis, especially for high-risk BCCs, such as morphoeic, infiltrating, and basosquamous carcinoma (Peris et al., 2019). Although BCCs rarely metastasize, depending on the size and extent of tissue invasion, the tumor should be staged.
References
Balaji, R., Duraisamy, R., & Kumar, M. P. S. (2019). Basal cell carcinoma. Drug Invention Today, 112(1), 162-166. Retrieved from https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=4a90f16b-3939-4e75-8aad-9a483fe4037d%40pdc-v-sessmgr04
Liu, Y., Liu, H., & Bian, Q. (2020). Identification of potential biomarkers associated with basal cell carcinoma. BioMed Research International, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2020/2073690
Peris, K., Fargnoli, M. C., Garbe, C., Kaufmann, R., Bastholt, L., Seguin, N. B., … Grob, J. J. (2019). Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guidelines. European Journal of Cancer, 118, 10-34. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.06.003
DQ-3
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, are itchy red welts that can appear anywhere on the skin after contact or ingestion of a substance (de Montjoye, Herman, Nicolas & Baeck, 2018). Urticaria is a sign of an allergic reaction, and sometimes can be a sign of an impending overt allergic reaction that could lead to an anaphylactic reaction (de Montjoye et al., 2018).
The inflammation process begins after contact or ingestion, where mast cell and basophil degranulation occurs and causes a mass release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and other inflammatory mediators (de Montjoye et al., 2018). After the mass release, neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes are activated and begin converging to a specific location in the body (de Montjoye et al., 2018). This convergence also causes the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and proteases (de Montjoye et al., 2018). The most important part about this process is the release of histamine due to its rapid systemic effect on vascular endothelium, bronchial, and smooth muscle cells (de Montjoye et al., 2018). This large release can begin the cytokine cascade leading to anaphylactic reactions (de Montjoye et al., 2018).
Urticaria presents as a combination of different skin conditions (de Montjoye et al., 2018). Usually, a large raised area that is reddened combined with pruritis, and noticeable wheals occur on the skin area (de Montjoye et al., 2018). In terms of anaphylaxis, the presentation includes other organ involvement such as pulmonary with wheezing and coughing, gastrointestinal with vomiting and diarrhea, the nervous system with dizziness, or the cardiac system with heart rate and blood pressure changes (Godse et al., 2018).
Diagnosis of urticaria begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s recent contact with new chemicals or swallowed substances (Godse et al., 2018). Next, an assessment of the patient’s presenting condition as there are indicators to rule-in or rule-out urticaria (Godse et al., 2018). Asking about the time of onset, any precipitating factors, use of drugs, and treatment history for other diseases can help with the diagnosis of urticaria. Also, asking about some common side effects of pruritus, swelling, redness, and presence of wheals can aid in the diagnosis when compared to the patient’s account of the current illness (Godse et al., 2018). In the determination of local urticaria or signs of impending anaphylaxis reactions, assessment of involved organ systems is necessary, is the patient having trouble breathing, are there wheeze, nausea and vomiting with diarrhea, or cardiac heart rate or blood pressure changes, are all aspects that need to be assessed (Godse et al., 2018).
References:
de Montjoye, L., Herman, A., Nicolas, J.-F., & Baeck, M. (2018). Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: Immunomodulatory approaches. Clinical Immunology, 190, 53–63. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.004
Godse, K., De, A., Zawar, V., Shah, B., Girdhar, M., Rajagopalan, M., & Krupashankar, D. (2018). Consensus statement for the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria: A 2017 update. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 1.
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