Imagine You Are A Researcher Interested In Investigating A Topic Related To The Psychology Of Gender.
In a 4-page, double-spaced paper, please address the following questions:
1. What research question will you investigate? Why?
2. What method (e.g., experiment, quasi-experiment, correlation, naturalistic observation, case study,
interview, focus group) will you use to investigate your research question? Why?
3. What are two unique strengths of your chosen method? Please be sure to fully explain (i.e., multiple
sentences) why each strength should be considered a strength. Note: In order to earn credit for each
strength, it must be very clear that they are each unique.
4. What are two unique weaknesses of your chosen method? Please be sure to fully explain (i.e., multiple sentences) why each weakness should be considered a weakness. Note: In order to earn credit for each weakness, it must be very clear that they are each unique.
attachment detail:
the PowerPoint slides are on PDF format which explain how to set up the rese question on one PDF and the other is for the method.
the other file is the paper instructions and grade rubric.
Research Methods II 2/5/20
You should be able to answer…
•How do researchers within this field answer questions? Specifically what methods are used when? Why are they used in those cases?
Scientific Method: Hypothesis
When matched in qualifications, men will be favored over women for a research assistant
job in a STEM discipline.
Reliability stable, consistent
Time 1
Time 2
Time 3 Time 4
strongly qualified
strongly qualified
strongly qualified strongly
qualified
Validity
Bubble size Starting salary offered
measure what you intent to measure
A researcher asks male and female participants to order a list of past presidents from earliest to latest in office. The researcher uses the time it takes for participants to complete this task as a measure of their gender identity. This situation BEST represents a threat to
A. reliability. B. validity.
Outline
• Scientific method and important terminology •Designs used in gender research
Designs
• Experiment •Quasi-experiment • Correlation •Naturalistic observation • Survey • Case study • Interview • Focus group
Scientific Method: Method U of A graduate, biology 4.0 GPA w/1 year of lab experience
HR file info indicates gender
STEM Leaders decide: 1. Qualifications (1 = weak; 7 = strong) 2. Starting salary offered
Experiments
manipulate variables infer cause (x caused y)
random assignment
Useful Terminology
independent variable: manipulated (e.g., gender info of applicant); input
dependent variable: not manipulated (e.g., qualifications); output
Useful Terminology
random assignment: condition determined by chance
Quasi-Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
can’t manipulate independent variable -> can’t infer cause random assignment is not possible
Quasi-Experimental U of A graduate, biology 4.0 GPA w/1 year of lab experience
HR file info indicates gender
STEM Leaders decide: 1. Qualifications (1 = weak; 7 = strong) 2. Starting salary offered
participants’ affiliations (can’t manipulate):
private research companies universities
government labs
Q1 Hilary wants to explore how viewing food advertisements impacts participants’ ratings of body image. Her participants are assigned to either view 5 minutes of food commercials or 5 minutes of car commercials. All participants complete a survey intended to measure body image. What is the dependent variable?
A. length of commercial B. body image C. kind of commercial D. attention while viewing Clicker: Channel 41
Phone: Smith20
Q2
Jeremiah would like to explore whether participants’ gender identities impact their emotional reactions to certain frightening photos. He plans on recruiting participants, assessing their gender identities, showing them frightening photos, and then coding their emotional reactions. This research is BEST carried out through the use of an experiment.
A. True B. False
Clicker: Channel 41 Phone: Smith20
Correlation
Correlation
relationship between two factors; no manipulation
Correlation
relationship between two factors; no manipulation
qualifications rating masculinity rating
Correlation
relationship between two factors; no manipulation
qualifications rating
correlation coefficient (-1 to 1; e.g., r = .9 r = -.9) masculinity rating
Troubles with Correlation
•Correlation ≠ causation
Troubles with Correlation
•Correlation ≠ causation
•Directionality
Troubles with Correlation
•Correlation ≠ causation
•Directionality
•Third variable
Q3
Dr. Jones is conducting a correlational study and determines in almost all instances that as the decibels of cheering within the ZonaZoo increase, the visiting team scores less points. Which of the following correlation coefficients MOST LIKELY represents Dr. Jones’ findings?
A. – .95 B. .95 C. .5 D. -.5 Clicker: Channel 41
Phone: Smith20
Naturalistic Observation
Naturalistic Observation Pro: “real world” perspective
Naturalistic Observation Pro: “real world” perspective
Cons: reactivity; what if behavior doesn’t occur?
Survey
topic: feelings toward women and men in science
Survey
topic: feelings toward women and men in science
Pro: data on difficult to observe behavior
Survey
topic: feelings toward women and men in science
Pro: data on difficult to observe behavior Con: response bias
Case Study
Case Study Pro: in-depth look
Case Study Pro: in-depth look
Con: generalizability
Interview
Interview Pro: extensive info
Interview Pro: extensive info
Con: lack of standardized responses
Focus Group
Focus Group Pro: extensive info AND interactions
Focus Group Pro: extensive info AND interactions Con: lack of standardized responses
You should be able to… • Identify, describe, and apply steps of the scientific method • Identify, describe, and apply terminology associated with
experiments (e.g., independent variable, dependent variable, etc.) • Identify, describe, and apply reliability and validity • Identify, describe, and apply methods beyond experiments
(e.g., quasi-experimental, correlational, survey, naturalistic observation, case study, interview, focus group) • Identify, describe, and apply differences between
quantitative and qualitative data
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