People of Haitian Heritage People of Iranian Heritage. 800 words minimum.
Read the chapters that I attached. Once done present a 800 words essay discussing the Haitian and Iranian Heritages. The essay must contained the following;
-Geographical localization and topography
-Politic and economy
-Health care beliefs and the relationship with their religious beliefs
-How they view the health, illness and death concepts. You must used at least two evidence-based references (excluding) the class textbook.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care
Haitian Americans
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview
Haiti shares the Island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic.
Dominican Republic and Haiti have little in common culturally.
Haiti is the poorest country in the Western hemisphere with a per capita income of less than $450.
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview Continued
Over 500,000 Haitians live in the United States, with more arriving after the Haitian earthquake in 2010. Their numbers may exceed 1.5 million.
Most live in NYC, FL, Boston, Chicago, and CA
Most come here for better economic opportunities and political freedom
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview Continued
Haitians are a mix of Arawak Indian, Spanish, French, and African Black resulting in sharp class stratification and color consciousness
1791 ended slavery in Haiti
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communications
Languages are primarily Creole (for the poor) and French (wealthier) and English although many speak all three languages
Black, mulatto, or white and colors in-between
Most Blacks are poor and underprivileged
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview
Early immigration to the United States was the wealthier groups for education, followed by general immigration after 1920 and the United States occupation of Haiti
After 1964, Duvalier became president for life, mass exodus because of oppression politically and economically
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview Continued
1980 immigration with the Mariel Boat Lift from Cuba brought first legal and then the Boat People from Haiti.
Many had left Haiti to Cuba in previous generations and this group joined in coming to the United States.
Resulted in Cuban-Haitian entrant: status pending
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview Continued
French model of education with liberal arts, philosophy, classics, and languages—Latin and Greek and de-emphasizes technical and vocational training and the social and physical sciences
Educated Haitians are multilingual
Only 15% to 20% receive an education—high illiteracy rates
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communications
French and Creole official languages
15% speak French, 100% speak Creole
Oral communication patterns to pass on culture through proverbs and storytelling
Smile timidly to hide lack of education and understanding
Nod of the head does not mean “I understand”
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communications Continued
Most are private individuals who do not want friends or family to interpret for them
Traditional Haitians do not usually maintain eye contact
Touching is common
Women may hold hands while walking in public
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communications Continued
Most are present oriented out of necessity, the past is cherished and the future is predetermined —many remain rather fatalistic
Punctuality is not valued—flexible time is the norm
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communications Continued
First and middle name are usually hyphenated
Woman takes her husband’s name upon marriage
Last names are usually French or Arabic in origin
Formality in name is the norm
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles
Matriarchal or shared decision-making is the norm—although there are variations
Male is the primary breadwinner
Concept of machismo prevails
Not uncommon to have more than one mistress or for women male partners
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles Continued
Children are valued and expected to be well behaved—otherwise physical punishment may be used
Most feel US society is too permissive
Boys are given more freedom and permissive behavior
Girls cannot go out alone until age 17+
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles Continued
Nuclear, consanguine, and affinal relatives are the norm
Family lineage is what denotes respect, not money
Children expected to care for parents when self-care is a concern
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles Continued
Single parenting is well accepted
Homosexuality is taboo—if known, total denial from both sides
Mistress supports her children with little to no financial help
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck
The nurse is providing insulin injection instructions to Mrs. Paul, a 44-year-old Haitian. When the nurse asks her if she understands the instructions, she nods. To assure understanding, the nurse should
Ask her to repeat the instructions.
Give her written instruction to ensure.
Have her demonstrate an injection.
Give the instructions to a family member.
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Correct Answer
Correct answer: C
The best way to assure understanding is for the patient to demonstrate the injection.
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health Conditions
Cholera, parasitosis, and malaria without malaria control measures
Hepatitis, tuberculosis, venereal disease have high rates
Most test positive for TBC because of Bacille bilie de Calmette-Guerin vaccinations
High rates of diabetes and hypertension
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition
For many, food means survival
Prefer eating at home and dislike fast food
When hospitalized, many prefer to fast rather than eat hospital food
Dislike yogurt, runny eggs, and cottage cheese
Staples are rice and beans, plantains, salad
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition Continued
Lists of foods are in the Haitian–American chapter
Foods are classified as cold (fret) and hot (cho), acid and non-acid, and heavy and light
Must balance fret and cho foods or illness occurs
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition Continued
Cough medicines are hot, laxatives are cold
Avoid citrus, causes acne
After ironing do not open refrigerator door
Do not shower when you are hot
Do not put warm feet directly on the cold floor
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition Continued
Diet high in carbohydrates and fat
Being overweight is seen as positive
Major portion of meat protein is given to men
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is not an illness so why seek prenatal care
Spicy foods will cause the fetus to be irritable
Vegetables and red fruits build blood for the fetus
Increased salivation—“use a spit cup”
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Pregnancy Continued
Prefer natural childbirth, although changing somewhat in the United States
Men usually not present during labor—female family members are preferred
Dress warmly and stay in bed 2 to 3 days after birth and use an abdominal binder to close the bones so cold air does not enter and cause illness
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Postpartum
Three baths postpartum, more difficult in the United States
Avoid food believed to increase vaginal discharge—lima beans, okra, mushrooms
Other foods are strength foods
Breastfeeding is encouraged
All infants receive lok to help meconium pass
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck
Most Haitians practice the hot and cold dichotomy of foods. This is know in Haitian Creole as
a. Yin and yang.
b. Calor y frio.
c. Fret and cho.
d. Am and duong.
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Correct Answer
Correct answer: C
Fret and cho are the Haitian Creole words for hot and cold.
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Death Rituals
Prefer to die at home
Death watch by family who brings religious pictures and have bedside prayer
Male kinsman responsible for funeral arrangements, notifying all family members, and coordinating the service
Preburial veye to celebrate deceased’s life
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Death Rituals Continued
Seven consecutive days of prayer in the home to help the passage of the soul into the next life
Believe in resurrection so no cremation
Autopsy may relieve fear of deceased becoming a zombie
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Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Spirituality
Family is the center of life
Catholicism is the primary religion of Haiti
Religious practices combined with voodooism
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