Neuropsychological assessment
Neuropsychological assessment
Kevin Atkinson, Bella Baron, Shonda Green, Bonita Hill, Ruby Lee, Brian McCullough, & Jessica Williams
Psych/655
March 30, 2020
Professor Dina Francisco
Introduction Bonita
The purpose of this presentation we will discuss the purpose and magnitude of this instrument for those that suffer with PTSD. Also, express strongly about the use and legal consideration for this instrument. Finally, we want to explain ethical use of this instrument. Should there be any concerns after this presentation our team will be glad to assist with any questions.
The purpose of this presentation to give the audience more detail information regarding clinician Administered on the PTSD Scale. The PTSD scale was established in 1989 for the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for PTSD. The definition and analytic criteria of PTSD, that CAPS has been modified to the DSM-5 criteria,4 and has proved excellent psychometric properties when linked to its previous form. In other words, scholars have been improving a great deal of knowledge regarding individual who suffers from PTSD. Research found that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been challenging in academic and clinical study. PTSD play a major part that relate to individual that suffer with this illness for example, death, traumatic event, witness a death, and sexual event. Ehlersand Clark’s cognitive model of PTSD 3,4 advanced the negative interpretations of the traumatic memory outcomes in heightened level of stress. In other words when a person rumination about certain tragedies their level of stress becoming more stressful.
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Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for dsm-5 (caps-5) (kevin)
Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for dsm-5 (caps-5) (kevin)
Purpose of the caps-5 (bella)
Trauma
PTSD
CAPS-5
U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2Fimg%2Fdesign%2Flogo%2Fva-og-twitter-image.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.va.gov%2F&tbnid=LAWc9vWdLRtpdM&vet=12ahUKEwj-iNrl8rvoAhWGVjABHSpuD3gQMygCegUIARD7AQ..i&docid=qqLiDhLo7LS38M&w=1200&h=1200&q=us%20department%20of%20veterans%20affairs&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwj-iNrl8rvoAhWGVjABHSpuD3gQMygCegUIARD7AQ
Trauma, in psychology, refers to a a wide range of intensifying stressful situations where an individual is exposed to increased levels of danger and fear where the intensity of the fear exceeds a normal capacity to cope (Fairbank, Ebert, & Caddel, 2004). These stressful situations are so intense that they cause increased symptoms of distress, because these experiences are outside of the range of normal human experience (Fairbank, Ebert & Caddel, 2004). Some examples of these uncommon, yet catastrophic events include, but is not limited to, war, sexual assault/rape, natural disasters, and torture. Evidence based practice requires careful assessment. While an initial assessment assist with treatment options, periodic assessments throughout care can enhance treatment options and tract progress (“American Psychological Association”, 2020). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) was developed by the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for PTSD (“American Psychological Association”, 2020). This tool is utilized to make diagnoses, determine lifetime diagnoses, and/or assess PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) symptoms (“American Psychological Association”, 2020). CAPS-5 is “extensively validated and [a] widely used structured diagnostic interview” that is used on populations who have been traumatized; such as war veterans and sexual assault survivors (Weathers et al., 2018, p. 383; O’Donohue & Levensky, 2003). This tool is primarily utilized on war veterans, although further analysis allows for generalizability to other populations (O’Donohue & Levensky, 2003).
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Purpose of the caps-5 (bella)
PTSD magnitude stressor
17 DSM
Comorbid disorder
Clinically significant symptoms
Reliability and validity
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychiatry.org%2FImage%2520Library%2FGlobal%2520Navigation%2FPsychiatrists%2FPractice%2FDSM%2FDSM-Hero.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychiatry.org%2Fpsychiatrists%2Fpractice%2Fdsm&tbnid=0NZjnNRYowbFFM&vet=12ahUKEwiogq6L87voAhVltTEKHXyYAIcQMygEegUIARD5Ag..i&docid=O8YY__X4ieheKM&w=703&h=384&q=dsm%205&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwiogq6L87voAhVltTEKHXyYAIcQMygEegUIARD5Ag
While the questions in the CAPS-5 do not elicit information about the traumatic event, “it presumes the presence of a PTSD magnitude stressor” (O’Donohue & Levensky, 2003, para. 4). The purpose of the CAPS-5 is to assess the presence and intensity of PTSD over the past two weeks (Weathers et al., 2018; O’Donohue & Levensky, 2003). The items found in the assessment corresponds to the 17 DSM symptom criteria for PTSD (O’Donohue & Levensky, 2003). Assessments such as the CAPS-5 allow clinicians to identify the signs and symptoms of PTSD, as well as assist in identifying comorbid disorder; “to determine factors that that have contributed to the development of the disorder;” to identify those factors that contribute to the symptoms; “to gain understanding of an individual’s functional status; and to establish a baseline against which to gauge treatment gains” (Fairbank, Ebert, & Caddell, 2004, Assessment). The CAPS-5 allows practitioners to make an educated determination of a diagnoses. Thus, the gathered data indicates whether there is a presence of “clinically significant symptoms of” PTSD (Fairbank, Ebert, & Caddell, 2004, Assessment). Finally, the CAPS-5 improves diagnostic reliability and validity (Fairbank, Ebert, & Caddell, 2004).
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Use of the caps-5 (ruby)
Use of the caps-5 (ruby)
Legal considerations (Shonda)
Legal considerations (Shonda)
Retraumatizing Patient
Interpreting Data and Results
Design and Constructed for Veterans
Ethical consideration (brian)
There are ethical concerns when treating patients who are diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. One of these considerations is how to create a treatment plan that will benefit the patient without retraumatizing them. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale is an in-person administered assessment, where ethical concerns arise as the patient may have to relive their traumatic experiences in order to complete the assessment, which may contribute to memories of these experiences returning to the patient and causing further trauma. There is also the factor of some researchers interpreting data and results from the tests scores and taking advantage of subjects for their own professional career advancement. There are instances where the interviewer may not think the research is important or have a rapport with the patient and this can cause ethical concerns as the patient does not receive adequate care. It is important for researchers and psychologists to maintain ethical interest with their patients and be certain they are providing treatment and care that best benefits each individual. Another area of ethical concern is The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale was designed and constructed by utilizing data and information from military veterans and although it is used with other populations, there is certainly differences between symptoms and trauma between the two populations, as the veterans have experienced traumatic events from war and death. “The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is one of the most frequently used measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure, although its psychometric properties in nonveteran populations are not well known” (Foa &Tilin, 2000, p.181).
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Medications
Informed Consent
Confedientially
Ethical consideration (brian)
Initial assessment plays an important role and is essential part of determining possible treatment options for those who suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale assists mental health professionals diagnose patients and at times these patients can be referred to a medical professional and prescribed medications as part of their treatment plan. These medications usually have side effects and can also be dangerous if they interact with other medications, along with drug or alcohol abuse. Other ethical considerations when administering the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale would be informed consent and being certain the patient understands their rights and how informed consent could affect them. The person administering the test must also be aware of their own personal feelings and attitude towards a patient if they are a veteran of war, such as the administrator of the test having person problems or issues with exposure to a war that the veteran might have been a part of, as this could certainly distort the results and outcome of the test. Confidentiality is another concern as the patient may not wish for other people, including their family, of the results of the test. It is vital to the patient’s well-being and success for the person administering the test to follow ethical guidelines, such as those found in the American Psychological Association, as a means to provide treatment and care for those individuals who suffer from PTSD.
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Conclusion (Jessica)
references
American Psychological Association(2020). Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/assessment/index
Claycomb, M. A., Wang, L., Sharp, C., Ractliffe, K. C., & Elhai, J. D. (2015). Assessing Relations between PTSD’s Dysphoria and Reexperiencing Factors and Dimensions of Rumination. PLoS ONE, 10(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118435
liveira-Watanabe, T. T., Ramos-Lima, L. F., Santos, R. C., Mello, M. F., & Mello, A. F. (2019). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5): adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil: 1999), 41(1), 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0136
Fairbank, J. A., Ebert, L., & Caddell, J….
