Politics And The Law The Health Care System Economics Of Health Care
Politics and The Law
The Health Care System
Economics of Health Care
Read chapters 10, 11 & 12 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentations. Once done answer the following questions.
- Discuss the power of nursing to influence and change health policy.
- Mention and discuss current health policy issues.
- Describe and discuss the organization of the public health care system at the federal, state, and local levels.
- Analyze the influence of socio-cultural, political, economic, ethical, and religious factors that influence the health and culturally diverse individuals, groups, and communities.
As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document, APA required font attached to the forum in the discussion tab of the blackboard titled “Week 3 discussion questions” and the SafeAssign exercise in the assignment tab of the blackboard which is a mandatory requirement. A minimum of 2 evidence-based references (besides the class textbook) no older than 5 years must be used. You must post two replies on different dates to any of your peers sustained with the proper references no older than 5 years as well and make sure the references are properly quoted in your assignment. The replies cannot be posted on the same day, I must see different dates in the replies. A minimum of 800 words is required and not exceeding 1,000 words (excluding the first and reference page). Please make sure to follow the instructions as given and use either spell-check or Grammarly before you post your assignment.
Please check your assignment after the week is due or after it is graded because I either made comments or ask for clarification in some replies or the assignment that required your response.
Due dates: Assignment – Wednesday, May 20, 2020, at 11:59 PM in the discussion tab of the blackboard, and in the SafeAssign exercise in the assignment tab of the blackboard.
Chapter 10
Policy, Politics, Legislation, and Community Health Nursing
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nurses Who Made a Difference…
Florence Nightingale
Sojourner Truth
Clara Barton
Lavinia Dock
Lillian Wald
Mary Breckenridge
Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail
Florence Wald
Ruth Watson Lubic
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy
Florence Nightingale
First nurse to exert political pressure on a government
Transformed military health
Knew the value of data in influencing policy
Collected and analyzed data about health services and outcomes, which now is a critical element of public health
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Sojourner Truth
Advocate for abolishing slavery
Supported women’s rights
Helped transform racist and sexist policies that limited health and well-being of blacks and women
Fought for human rights
Lobbied for funds to educate nurses and physicians
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carte_de_visite.jpg
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Clara Barton
Organized relief efforts during U.S. Civil War
Persuaded Congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva, which allowed the Red Cross to perform humanitarian efforts in times of peace
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WcbbustCBarton.jpg
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Lavinia Dock
Prolific writer and political activist
Campaigned to allow nurses to control the nursing profession
Advocated for women’s right to vote
Worked closely with Isabel Hampton Robb and Mary Adelaide Nutting to found forerunner to NLN
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lavinia_Lloyd_Dock.jpg
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Lillian Wald
Recognized connection between health and social conditions
Advocate for development of the Children’s Bureau in 1912
Frequently appeared at White House in development of national and international policy
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lillian_Wald_-_William_Valentine_Schevill.jpg
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Mary Breckenridge
Developed nursing in rural Kentucky
Established Frontier Nursing Service
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WENDOVER.jpg
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Florence Wald
Nursing leader in establishing hospice care in the United States
Modeled hospice after similar services offered in United Kingdom
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hospice_Media_Logo.png
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail
Walked from reservation to reservation to improve health services for Native Americans
Established Native American Nurses Association
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ketchican_totem_pole_2.jpg
Nurses’ Historical and Current Activity in Health Care Policy (Cont.)
Ruth Watson Lubic
Nurse-midwife who crusaded for freestanding birth centers in the United States
Leader in community-based birth center movement
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Photo credit:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Silverton_Hospital_birth_center_-_Silverton,_Oregon.JPG
Definitions to Know
Social justice
Laws
Public health law
Statutes
Organizations
Professional associations
Policy
Public policy
Health policy
Nursing policy
Institutional policies
Organizational policies
Social policy
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Definitions
Policy denotes a course of action to be followed by a government, business, or institution to obtain a desired effect.
Public policy denotes precepts and standards formed by governmental bodies (legislative, executive, or judicial) that are of fundamental concern to the state and the whole of the general public.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Definitions (Cont.)
Health policy is a statement of a decision regarding a goal in health care and a plan for achieving that goal.
Nursing policy specifies nursing leadership that influences and shapes health policy and nursing practice.
Institutional policies are rules that govern worksites and identify the institution’s goals, operation, and treatment of employees.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Definitions (Cont.)
Organizational policies are rules that govern organizations and their positions on issues with which the organization is concerned (Mason et al., 2007).
Social policy is policy associated with individuals and communities. In very general terms, social policy can be defined as the branch of public policy that advances social welfare and enhances participation in society.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Definitions (Cont.)
Laws are rules of conduct or procedure; they result from a combination of legislation, judicial decisions, constitutional decisions, and administrative actions.
Public health law focuses on legal issues in public health practice and on the public health effects of legal practice. Public health law typically has three major areas of practice: police power, disease and injury prevention, and the law of populations.
Statutes are any laws passed by a legislative body at the federal, state, or local level.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Definitions (Cont.)
Organizations are associations that set and enforce standards in a particular area; a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose.
A professional association is a nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession, and the public interest.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Policy is based on values, and the first step in forming policy is identification of the issue. Therefore, it would seem rational to define “health” as the starting point for any policy annexed to health care issues.
Many Healthy People 2020 objectives directly or indirectly involve health policy.
– Nies and McEwen, 2015
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Shifts in Philosophy at the CDC
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: State of the CDC: fiscal year 2008, The Author.
| From… | To… |
| Disease orientation | Health protection focus |
| Designing and implementing sponsored programs | Informing and guiding health system actors |
| Allocating agency resources | Leveraging resources to steer larger health system |
| Emphasis on… |
