Assignment: CQI in Health Care
Assignment: CQI in Health Care
Assignment: CQI in Health Care
Assignment: CQI in Health Care
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A focus on interdisciplinary assessment and improvement. Multidisciplinary, patient- focused teamwork emphasizing collaboration, communication, coordination, and integra- tion of care is the core of CQI in health care. It is important not to disband departmental quality functions, such as patient satisfaction, utilization review, or infection control, but rather to refocus information on improving the process.
Resources are used to collect data, such as the number of postoperative infections or the number of return clinic visits, to guide the decision-making process. Throughout the evalua- tion and implementation process, the team’s focus is the patient. Implementation is continu- ally evaluated using a patient satisfaction survey, which is just one of the methods used to monitor nursing care. For example, some organizations follow up outpatient surgery clients with direct phone calls from nursing staff to ensure patients understand discharge instructions and that pain was controlled following discharge. Any potential complications are referred to the surgeon.
Six Sigma Six Sigma is another quality management program that uses, primarily, quantitative data to monitor progress. Six Sigma is a measure, a goal, and a system of management.
● As a measure. Sigma is the Greek letter—ó—for standard, meaning how much performance varies from a standard. This is similar to how CQI monitors results against an outcome measure.
● As a goal. One goal might be accuracy. How many times, for example, is the right medication given in the right amount, to the right patient, at the right time, by the right route?
● As a management system. Compared to other quality management systems, Six Sigma involves management to a greater extent in monitoring performance and ensuring favorable results.
The system has six themes:
● Customer (patient) focus ● Data driven ● Process emphasis ● Proactive management ● Boundaryless collaboration ● Aim for perfection; tolerate failure.
The first three themes are similar to other quality management programs. The focus is on the object of the service; in nursing’s case, this is the patient. Data provide the evidence of results, and the emphasis is on the processes used in the system.
The latter three themes, however, differ from other programs. Management is actively involved and boundaries are breached (e.g., the disconnect between departments). More radically, Six Sigma tolerates failure (a necessary condition for creativity) while striving for perfection.
Lean Six Sigma Lean Six Sigma focuses on improving process flow and eliminating waste. Waste occurs when the organization provides more resources than are required. Data driven, Lean Six Sigma focuses on identifying steps that have little or no value to the care and cause unnecessary delays. Further- more, the method strives to eliminate variations in care and improve efficiencies and effective- ness. Because the goal of Lean Six Sigma is to identify and reduce waste, it provides tools that can be used with a Six Sigma management system.
Studies have shown Lean Six Sigma to be effective in reducing inappropriate hospital stays, improving the quality of care and reducing costs at the same time (Yamamoto et al., 2010).
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