astronomy lab 7-11-14
Observing Features on the Sun
Developed by Kendra Sibbernsen/MCC
Big Idea : The sun has surface features in different wavelengths and those features have predictable patterns of movements that can be observed and described.
Goal : Students will conduct a series of inquiries about the nature and motion of features in different wavelengths on the Sun using prescribed Internet applications that use current solar images.
Computer Setup :
Access – http://helioviewer.org/
Phase I: Exploration
1) Make sure that you can se e the full disk of the sun in the viewer. 2) Under the Time frame click the word latest next to the calendar.
What does the Date: read ? {Fill in your answers with a different color of text.}
What does the Time: read? _____________________
What does the Time-step: read? ____________________
The time is listed in UTC . This is a standard coordinated universal time and used to be referred to as GMT (Greenwich mean time). Convert this time in UTC to your time zone. This website can help you with your conversion – http://www.dxing.com/utcgmt.htm
For example, to convert to Central Standard Time (CST), you subtract 6 hours.
What is the time of this latest image in your time zone? _____________________
How long ago was that image t aken from your current time? _____________________
3) Under the Images frame, you can select from 4 satellite observatories: SOHO, SDO, STEREO-A and STEREO-B. Each of these has choices of Instrument, Detector, and Measurement (most of which is wavelength as measured in Angstroms).
Select:
Observatory: SDO
Instrument: AIA
Detector: AIA
Measurement: 4500
This is in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
How many sunspots do you see in this image? ________________
If you do not see any sunspots in your image, step the viewer back by a few days until you can find sunspots.
Use the Zoom slider bar and click and drag the image until you can see the sunspot well.
Click the Screenshot option at the top of the main viewing frame and select Full Viewport. Once you have downloaded your image, copy and paste it into the document below.
Phase II – Does the Evidence Match the Conclusion?
The diameter of the Sun is about 100 times the diameter of the Earth.
If a student proposed a generalization that “ An average sunspot is approximately the width of 10 Earths ,” would you agree or disagree with the generalization based on the evidence you collected? Explain your reasoning and provide specific evidence either from the above questions or from evidence you yourself generate using Helioviewer .
Phase III – What Conclusions Can You Draw From the Evidence?
You can view two different wavelength images at the same time. For example, if one of the images was viewing:
Observatory: SDO
Instrument: AIA
Detector: AIA
Measurement: 4500
You can s elect [Add] and set the options to:
Observatory: SDO
Instrument: AIA
Detector: AIA
Measurement: 94
This is in the x-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Having two images automatically sets each image’s opacity at half. You can move the slider bars back and forth to see one wavelength’s features more clearly. The colors you see for the different wa velengths are false-color to more easily distinguish between the images.
A student decided to look for a relatio nship between the size of a sunspot ’s activity and the size of the accompanying x-ray activity and got the following data set. What conclusions and generalizations can you make from the following data collected by a student as measured size of the features using a ruler on the computer screen ? Explain your reasoning and provide specific evidence , with sketches if necessary, to support your reasoning .
Date
X-ray (AIA 94)
Visible (AIA 4500)
02/01/12
34 mm
5 mm
02/04/12
38 mm
6 mm
02/07/12
18 mm
2 mm
02/11/12
11 mm
1 mm
02/15/12
15 mm
1 mm
1) Evidence-based Conclusion :
Phase IV – What Evidence Do You Need?
1) Using the Helioviewer , u nder the Images frame s elect:
Observatory: SDO
Instrument: AIA
Detector: AIA
Measurement: 94
If necessary, click center on the main viewing frame and zoom out so you can see the full disk of the Sun. You’re going to m ake a “ movie ” of these images. Select the Movie option in the main viewer frame, and then select Full Viewport . Next, choose a Duration . T he more days’ images you include, the longer the processing time will be (for example, choosing 28 days will result in a processing time of approximately 4 minutes) . Click on the settings icon in the Movie Settings window (to the left of the ? on the top right) to see (and adjust, if you wish) the frames/second and the length of the video. Then click OK.
What is your Movie Duration ? ______________ days
How many frames/second is your movie ? _________________
While your movie is processing, you might want to take a few moments to look at the Recently Shared movies on YouTube and News .
Once your movie has processed, copy the link here (Note: you can save it as a Tiny URL):
Describe precisely what evidence you would need to collect in order to answer the research question of, “ Over what precise period of time does it ta ke an active region in the x-ray near the S un’s equator to complete one rotation?
Create a detailed, step-by-step description of evidence that needs to be collected and a complete explanation of how this could be done—not just “look and see when the region returns to the same point,” but exactly what would someone need to do, s tep-by-step, to accomplish this. You might include a table and sketches-the goal is to be precise and detailed enough that someone else could follow your procedure. Note: You do not need to actually take this data.
Phase V – Formulate a Question, Pursue Evidence, and Justify Your Conclusion
Your task is design an answerable research question, propose a plan to pursue evidence, collect data using the Helioviewer , and create an evidence-based conclusion about some relationship between images of different wavelengths or changing position of a solar feature, which you have not completed before.
Research Report :
2) Specific Research Question:
3) Step-by-Step Procedure, with Sketches if Needed, to Collect Evidence:
4) Data Table and/or Results:
5) Evidence-based Conclusion Statement:
Phase VI – Summary PRINT YOUR NAME
6) Create a 50-word summary, in your own words, that describes the features in d ifferent wavelengths on the S un and how the motions of these features change over time. You should cite specific evidence you have collected in your description, not describe what you have learned in class or elsewhere. Feel free to create and label sketches to illustrate your response.
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