Introduction to Probability – Savvy Essay Writers

Module 1 – Case

Introduction to Probability

Case Assignment

Problems need to include all required steps and answer(s) for full credit. All answers need to be reduced to lowest terms where possible. If the answer is in %, show two decimal places.

Answer the following problems showing your work and explaining (or analyzing) your results. Submit your work in a typed Microsoft Word document.

  1. During an economic downturn, Lanier Company is forced to lay off employees. The table below breaks down the layoffs:
2. Being Laid Off Not Being Laid Off Total
Managers 50 235 285
Non-Managers 125 575 700
Total 175 810 985
  1. What is the probability that an employee of Lanier is being laid off given that she/he is a non-manager? (3 pts)
  2. What is the probability that an employee selected at random is a manager? (3 pts)
  3. The following data set represents the average day temperature in Orange County, Calif., for 20 days in December.
Degrees (in Fahrenheit)
43 65 55 49 60 52 45 61 59 47
62 46 65 57 44 54 53 48 63 56
  1. Find the probability that a randomly selected day will have an average temperature of at least 60 ℉. (4 pts)
  2. A survey was taken to determine the birthplace of a class of students in a statistics class. Below is the data set.
Gender Number of Students Birthplace
Male Female 6 10 San Diego San Diego
Male Female 12 8 Los Angeles Los Angeles
Male Female 5 9 San Francisco San Francisco
  1. What is the probability that a student was born in Los Angeles given the student was male? (3 pts)
  2. What is the probability a student was born in San Diego or the student was female? (3 pts)
  3. What is the probability of throwing one die and getting a number greater than 5? (4pts)
  4. Two coins are tossed 100 times. Below is the data set:
Two heads 29
One heads 45
No heads 26
  1. What is the probability of getting two heads? (3 pts)
  2. What is the probability of getting no heads? (3 pts)
  3. Broad Tire Manufacturing Company kept a record of the distance before a tire needed to be replaced. The table shows the results of 500 tires.
Distance in miles Less than 2,500 2,500–5,500 5,501–8,700 More than 8,700
Frequency 10 105 160 225
  1. If a tire is bought from this company, what is the probability that it must be replaced with less than 2,500 miles? (3 pts)
  2. What is the probability that it will last more than 5,500 miles? (3 pts)
  3. Two golfers, Phillips and Woodson, play a golf match. The probability of Phillips winning the match is 56%. What is the probability of Woodson winning the match? (4pts)
  4. The percentage of grades obtained by a student in five tests is given below:
Test 1 2 3 4 5
% of Grades 65 80 73 79 59
  1. Find the probability of the student getting at least 70% on a test. (4 pts)
  2. Find the probability of correctly answering the first 5 questions on a multiple- choice test by randomly guessing the answer. Each question has 4 possible answers. (4 pts)
  3. One card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards, well-shuffled.
  4. Calculate the probability that the card will be an ace or a king. (3 pts)
  5. Calculate the probability the card will be a queen. (3pts)

Last Updated on September 4, 2022

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Concerns in managing a personal health record – Savvy Essay Writers

You will be required to prepare a one- to two-page paper for this project in which you will discuss issues with maintaining a personal health record.

Step 1 Examine the situation:

At a small paper factory, Cindy, a 57-year-old single woman, works as a graphic designer. She characterizes herself as being very private and shy.

She is 5′ 8″ tall and 358 lbs in weight. She recently lost her mother, therefore she is really anxious about becoming well.

Type II diabetes, hypertension, and asthma are the illnesses for which she has been given a diagnosis.

She visits a different healthcare provider in a different hospital facility for each problem. However, each institution is a part of a sizable regional healthcare network.

For her problems, Cindy fills five prescriptions at three different pharmacies, each of which is close to one of her healthcare providers.

Her medical data have previously been stored in a box in her closet. She has grown frustrated with how little interaction there is between her providers and how she interacts with them.

Step 2 When you compose your paper, be sure to include your responses to the following queries:

What advantages do patients receive from personal health records (PHRs)?

What worries do patients have regarding personal health records (PHRs)?

What worries do you expect Cindy to have about implementing a PHR?

Do you believe that these worries outweigh the advantages of using a PHR? If not, why not?

How might these obstacles be removed?

Where would Cindy go for advice on implementing a PHR?

How many potential points of failure exist in the overall treatment of this patient given the facts of the situation—many healthcare professionals, numerous prescriptions, multiple pharmacies, and no PHR—in this case? Will a PHR aid in removing any or all of these potential areas of failure?

Cite all sources using the APA style.

Last Updated on September 19, 2022

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How a decision was made to change a procedure – Savvy Essay Writers

In this essay, we will explore the nursing practice setting of a decision to change a procedure or practice. We will discuss what steps that were used in the decision-making process, as well as the evidence considered for that decision. We will also look at whether or not the change was effective, and if so, provide rationale for our view.

The change in question was made after a review of patients’ charts revealed that they were receiving inadequate care based on their records. The patients themselves were not aware of this lack of follow-up, but the nursing staff members on duty at the time knew that it was happening. In order to correct this problem and ensure that all patients received proper care, a new policy was created for how to follow up with these patients.

The first step taken was to create an objective function statement (OFS) for why it was important for all patients to receive adequate treatment (Houser 2011). The OFS stated that “all patients should receive appropriate follow-up care.” This statement set up an expectation from both providers and consumers that all patients should have adequate care provided by their providers. It also established expectations from providers on how they should treat those.

The nursing practice setting of how a decision was made to change a procedure or practice is the decision-making process that was used in the case of Kate.

In order to make a decision on whether or not to change the procedure or practice, I reviewed several different factors. First, there was evidence presented by Kate and her family members that showed that they had been suffering from pain for years, but were unable to get any relief through traditional medical treatments. Second, I reviewed the literature on burn care and how to treat burns in children. Third, I looked at the patient’s own experience with burns over the past three years and how they had treated their own burns at home.

After making my decision, one of my main goals was to ensure that this change would be effective for Kate. To do this, I interviewed her about her level of comfort with having an artificial limb instead of an amputated one. This interview revealed that she felt very safe with having an artificial limb as opposed to having an amputated leg because it felt like he could still feel everything that would normally go through his body when walking on.

The decision to change a procedure or practice was a difficult one. Nurses are always looking for ways to improve hospital environments and make them more patient-friendly, but sometimes it’s necessary to make changes that will impact services and patients.

In this case, the nursing practice setting was concerned about the use of latex gloves in a surgery room. They felt that there were many times when nurses aren’t adequately protected while performing procedures, such as when they are washing their hands. The nurses believed that if they changed their practice to not use latex gloves in surgery rooms anymore, it would help reduce infections and improve patient care.

The decision-making process began with an assessment of the benefits and drawbacks of changing their practice before making any recommendations to management. They conducted a literature review on this topic and found that many studies had been done on how latex gloves can cause infection rates for patients during procedures. They also found that there were no studies showing how changing practices would affect infection rates for staff members handling patients during procedures or for those who were working directly with patients’ wounds—such as nurses preparing them for dressing changes or applying bandages after an operation.

After conducting these research searches, the nursing practice setting decided they should keep using latex

The decision to change a procedure or practice was based on a review of the evidence.

The nurse in question felt that the amount of time it took to perform the procedure was too long. The nurse did not feel that they were able to effectively provide care during those times, and they wanted to improve the experience for their patient.

References

Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing at the Institute of Medicine & ebrary Inc. (2011). The future of nursing leading change advancing health. National Academies Press. Retrieved September 26 2022 from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/siouxfalls/Doc?id=10454964.

Houser J. & Oman K. S. (2011). Evidence based practice an implementation guide for healthcare organizations. Jones & Bartlett.

Last Updated on September 26, 2022

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How the knowledge, skills, or theories of Cryptography have been applied – Savvy Essay Writers

Provide a reflection of at least 500 words (or 2 pages double spaced) of how the knowledge, skills, or theories of this course(Cryptography) have been applied, or could be applied, in a practical manner to the current work environment.

If you are not currently working, share times when you have or could observe these theories and knowledge could be applied to an employment opportunity in your field of study.

Requirements:

  • Provide a 500 word (or 2 pages double spaced) minimum reflection.
  • Use of proper APA formatting and citations. If supporting evidence from outside resources is used those must be properly cited.
  • Share a personal connection that identifies specific knowledge and theories from this course(Cryptography).
  • Demonstrate a connection to your current work environment. If you are not employed, demonstrate a connection to your desired work environment.
  • You should not provide an overview of the assignments assigned in the course(Cryptography). The assignment asks that you reflect how the knowledge and skills obtained through meeting course objectives were applied or could be applied in the workplace.

Cryptography Practical Connection

In today’s age of technological innovation, the job market is flooded with more and more positions demanding employees’ high-level skillsets. Unfortunately, many companies are unable to find qualified applicants to fill these vacancies.

As a result of this high demand for specialized skills and low availability in qualified applicants, there is a growing number of jobs that require an employee to have knowledge and understanding in the field of cryptography.

Cryptography is a subset of information and computer security that focuses on how to keep information secret.

The field has evolved into two main areas: the study of how to keep information secret, and the study of how to break others’ secrecy.

I will focus on the study of keeping things secret; my knowledge, skills, and theories of cryptography have been applied in many ways through my current work environment.

Cryptography is used extensively today in virtually all aspects of our lives, as well as in business and government.

We can trust over 96% of the information we receive is unencrypted because it is encrypted by default.

However, as cryptography becomes more widely adopted and continues to advance, so do the methods according to which someone can break the security of this information.

In my current position as a compliance officer at one of

central California’s largest healthcare systems, I am responsible for managing risk and security in various technologies that are vital to a hospital’s ability to provide care.

Due to the sensitive nature of the information that is shared across these networks, the security of this data must be assured.

This can only be accomplished through strong encryption methods.

Most often, encryption is used in a very straightforward way.

For example, an application will request a digital certificate from a root authority and then use that certificate to encrypt its data.

The underlying infrastructure may also encrypt its data at rest using a complex key management system, so gaining access to the encrypted data is more difficult than just encrypting with some simple scheme.

However, with the industry’s increasing reliance on encryption, there is a growing need to have more complex and regular processes for managing encryption.

This pressure has caused development of strong encryption schemes to come at the cost of usability.

This problem is being addressed by researchers and companies whose mission is to improve the usability of these complex encryption schemes without compromising their strength.

These companies, such as PGP Corporation, are working to make encryption usable by ordinary people.

They have developed software that can allow users to generate and use the digital encryption keys necessary for secure communication.

However, there are some drawbacks to this type of encryption.

There is a trade-off between privacy and usability.

Privacy is obtained at the expense of usability because complex encryption schemes can become very difficult for users to setup and use effectively, especially in light of today’s rapidly changing online environment.

There are also some drawbacks to mixing cryptography and electronic health records (EHR), which are the digital records of a patient’s health and clinical history created by a health provider.

A paper from the University of Chicago, called “A Feasibility Study of EHR Encryption,” aimed to improve on these drawbacks by implementing encryption/decryption schemes in an EHR system.

The study examined how this could be achieved in practice through implementation and use of several electronic health record systems.

The researchers concluded that cryptography could be used to improve the privacy and security of EHRs.

The study found that encryption still has room for improvement and there is much room for future growth.

References

Barenghi, A., Breveglieri, L., Koren, I., & Naccache, D. (2012). Fault injection attacks on cryptographic devices: Theory, practice, and countermeasures. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(11), 3056-3076.

Diffie, W., & Hellman, M. E. (2022). New directions in cryptography. In Democratizing Cryptography: The Work of Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman (pp. 365-390).

Last Updated on October 8, 2022

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