Due Date: Oct 20,2017 23:59:59       Max Points: 100

Details:

The learning activity and corresponding assignment in this topic requires students to perform a heritage assessment with families selected by students from their local communities.

Click on http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/663/679611/box_6_1.pdf in order to access the “Heritage Assessment Tool.”

Interview three families from different cultures. One family should be from your own culture. Compare the differences in health traditions between these cultures.

Assess the three families using the “Heritage Assessment Tool.” In 1,000 words, discuss the usefulness of applying a heritage assessment to evaluate the needs of families and develop plans for health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration. Include the following:

1. Perform a heritage assessment on three families. One of these families should be from your own culture.
2. Complete the “Heritage Assessment Tool” for each of the three families interviewed and submit the three assessments to: [email protected] You are not required to include the tool in your LoudCloud submission.
3. Identify common health traditions based on cultural heritage. Evaluate and discuss how the families subscribe to these traditions and practices. Address health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration as they relate to your assessment.

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Young infants, less than six months old are subject to child maltreatment and have rates of physical and abusive trauma twice the rate of children one to three years in age (Harper, et.al., 2014). Abuse symptoms most often seen in non-mobile infants are bruising, burns, fractures and traumatic brain injuries. Infants have a wide variety of developmental ability and mobility, but in general they are not mobile enough to sustain fractures, or get into things in their environment that would cause the injuries that they may present with. Often with infant abuse, mother’s or parents bring their infants to be evaluated for difficult temperaments or excessive crying. The provider may notice bruising, and when assessing and questioning the parent may give inconsistent stories on how or when the bruising appeared. Bruising in any pre-mobile infant is a red flag for abuse with high suspicion for more serious internal injuries (Harper, et.al., 2014). Injuries of this nature should always lead to further investigation. On imaging studies, fractures may be seen on the skull, in long bones of legs and arms as well as hands and feet. Multiple fractures of varying stages of healing almost always are attributed to infant abuse. Fractures in the absence of trauma confirms the likelihood of physical abuse and the incidence is higher the younger the child (Paddock, Sprigg, &Offiah, 2017). Failure to thrive, threatening weight loss, uncleanliness and diapering may also lead the provider to further investigations of suspected abuse. The most serious of abuse and injuries is that of shaken baby syndrome, resulting in traumatic brain injury, retinal hemorrhages, and intracranial bleeds. An emotional assessment can be difficult in infancy in revealing abuse. Although, infants can be withdrawn or cry excessively from the pain of physical injuries. Traditional cultural healing can also be misidentified as abuse, when the provider visualizes burns, abrasions, or petechial marks on the chest or back of infants. For example, in the Asian community treatment of cough and fever may be alleviated by heated ointments applied by metal coins or spoons. Minor burns may result from the vigorous rubbing of heated herbs and appear as linear abrasions or bruising (Stanford Medicine, 2017).

 

As a medical professional and nurse, I am a mandated reporter of suspected abuse. There are often medical diagnosis that can lead to injuries that mimic abuse, although in California they do not need to be ruled out prior to reporting.  The standard for which a report should be made is “reasonable suspicion” (Rady’s Children’s Hospital San Diego, 2012). Failure to report can result in a misdemeanor, imprisonment, and fines. Reports should be made immediately or as soon as possible to the county child welfare services or police/sheriff’s department. The report can be made by phone or written report transmitted by fax, mail or electronically.

 

 

References

Harper, N. S., Feldman, K. W., Sugar, N. F., Anderst, J. D., & Lindberg, D. M. (2014). Additional Injuries in Young Infants with Concern for Abuse and Apparently Isolated Bruises. The Journal Of Pediatrics, 165383-388.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.004

 

National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome (2016). Retrieved from https://dontshake.org/learn-more

 

Paddock, M., Sprigg, A., & Offiah, A. (2017). Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton. Clinical Radiology, (3), 179. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2016.11.016

 

Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego (2012). The California Child Abuse and Neglect Report Law. Retrieved from http://mandatedreporterca.com/images/pub132.pdf

 

Standford Medicine (2017). Retrieved from http://childabuse.stanford.edu/faq.html

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