Describe your thoughts on the grand theory about which your group presented.
Please, before you respond to the following prompts refer to the attached PowerPoint.
This is based on the PowerPoint (Myra Levine) you did for me last week.
Please respond to the following prompts:
1. Describe your thoughts on the grand theory about which your group presented.
2. What were the challenges that you faced in understanding the theory?
3. How did you attempt to resolve those challenges?
– Your initial post should contain two to three (2–3) paragraphs of three to four (3–4) sentences per paragraph.
– Integrate a minimum of three readings and/or other evidence-based research articles no more than three years old.
– Use APA formatting for citations and references.
Myra Levine
Grand Nursing Theory Based on Interactive Process
Biography — Early & Family Life
Myra Levine was born in 1920 in Chicago, IL (“Myra Estrin Levine,” 2016)
First of three children
Her father’s “persistent gastrointestinal illness” sparked her interest in pursuing a career in nursing
Myra Levine died on March 20, 1996, at age 75
(Gonzalo, 2019)
Biography — Education
Graduated from Cook County School of Nursing
Obtained BSN from the University of Chicago in 1944
Obtained MSN from Wayne State University in Detroit in 1962
Earned honorary doctorate from Loyola University in 1992
(“Myra Estrin Levine,” 2016)
Biography — Nursing Career
Oncology nurse at Gardiner General Hospital in Chicago
Became Director of Nursing Drexel Home in Chicago
Clinical instructor at Bryan Memorial Hospital in Lincoln, NE (“Myra Estrin Levine,” 2016)
Surgical supervisor at the University of Chicago and Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit (Gonzalo, 2019)
Chairperson of clinical nursing at Cook County School of Nursing (“Myra Estrin Levine,” 2016)
Chronological order
Biography — Publications, Awards, & Honors
Works: “The Pursuit of Wholeness,” “For Lack of Love Alone,” “Adaptation and Assessment: A Rationale for Nursing Intervention,” “The Four Conservation Principles of Nursing,” & “Introduction to Clinical Nursing”
Charter fellow of the American Academy of Nursing in 1973
Honorary recognition from the Illinois Nurses’ Association
Member of Sigma Theta Tau at Alpha Beta Chapter
Elected fellow in the Institute of Medicine of Chicago
First recipient of the Elizabeth Russel Belford Award for excellence in teaching from Sigma Theta Tau in 1977
(Gonzalo, 2019)
Best known for “The Four Conservation Principles of Nursing,” the others were preliminary works
She never planned on developing a nursing theory, she worked as a consultant for different hospitals and nursing schools and came up with an organizational structure for teaching med-surg nursing which was the basis for theory development
Philosophical Underpinnings
Understanding the era in which Myra Levine matured helps give background to her theory
Healthcare was based on authoritarianism and physician decisions were not questioned
Nurses were taskers, operating without a scientific origin
(Toon, 2014)
-In noting pioneers in nursing, it is suitable to recall the era in which theorists such as Myra Levine matured. In Levine’s case it is helpful to recall the era in sociological terms, cultural terms and recall the available technology and the discipline of medicine and how nurses ‘fit’ at the time. The environment of her maturation and development became the underpinning of her career and her Theory of Conservation for Nursing.
-nurses were primarily seen as the ‘handmaidens’ of doctors; neither patients nor nurses were anticipated to question a physicians perspective or decision
Philosophical Underpinnings Continued
Social revolution evolved in the 1960’s to early 1970’s
Intellectual development was blossoming
Myra Levine had many different roles (clinical instructor, supervisor, chairperson) (Myra Estrin Levine, 2019).
Definitions of “nursing science” were vague
Theorists began applying biological, medical, and social sciences to nursing (Aita VA, 1995)
Levine had incorporated the conservation of energy, structure, personal, and social integrity into a theory that guided nurses in the provision of care that promotes health through environment, predictably, and illuminates the fact that humans are greater than the sum of their parts, that human response is predictable, that humans are unique, are capable of assessing conditions, situations and objects, and drawing an understanding of those perceptions. Further, Levine extrapolated that humans are self-determinate (even during periods of stress and emotion and that they will formulate their own opinions via reflection (Four Conservation Principals, 2016).
Philosophical Underpinnings Continued
Levine’s focus was on influences and responses, energy supply and demand
Her theory allows for the enhancement of health by working with the patient instead of ‘on’ the patient (Frauman and Rasch, 1995)
Theory was built responsively to her era
Based on patient care perspective and scientific perspective (Myra Levine’s Remarks, 1995)
-Levine’s focus was on influences and responses, energy supply and demand- and the patient outcome when that patient is acted upon and exists with structural, personal, and social integrity and is capable of conservation of energy. Her theory incorporated and explained homeostatic and homeorhetic states of existence and the fluidity of adaptation
-Levine’s theory is the antithesis of authoritarianism and is principally and philosophically balanced to allow healing.
-The fact remains that Levine’s esoteric theory began to develop in a time when a patient’s ‘need to know’ about their care or disease process(es) was nearly nil and physicians were a rarified group and usually authoritarian. It appears that Levine’s theory was built responsively to her era of medical understanding and practice. She developed the highly adaptive model of care that was responsive to the patient’s specific context/need and less focused on medical procedures and standard interventions.
-The bedrock for her logic was crafted by both the era and her unique understanding of what needed to improve in nursing, both from a patient care perspective and from a scientific perspective.
Analysis — Introduction
Purpose of the conservation model is to improve the physical and emotional wellbeing of a person by considering the four domains of conservation
Client Energy
Personal integrity
Structural integrity
Social integrity
Nursing’s role in conservation is to help the person with the process of “keeping together” the total person through the least amount of effort
A conceptual model with three nursing theories
Conservation
Redundancy
Therapeutic intention
(Alligood & Tomney, 2015)
Analysis — Conservation Model
Focuses on promoting adaptation & maintaining wholeness using the conservation principle
Goal: to improve the physical and emotional wellbeing of a person
By proposing to address the conservation of energy, structure, and personal and social integrity, this theory helps guide nurses in the provision of care that will help maintain and promote the health of the patient
(Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 2014)
Analysis — Conservation Model Continued
Nursing’s role in conservation is to help the person with the process of “keeping together” the total person through the least amount of effort
Nurse is seen as part of the environment and uses skill, knowledge, and compassion to assist each client to confront environmental challenges in resolving problems
Effectiveness of interventions is determined by maintenance of client integrity
(Erickson, Tomlin, & Swain, 2014)
Analysis — Principles
Conservation of energy refers to balancing energy input and output to avoid excessive fatigue
Includes adequate rest, nutrition and exercise
Conservation of personal integrity recognizes the individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self-awareness, selfhood, and self-determination
Involves acknowledging and preserving patient’s space needs
(Roy, 2014)
Analysis — Principles Continued
Conservation of structural integrity refers to maintaining or restoring the structure of body preventing physical breakdown and promoting healing
Includes assisting patients in ROM exercise and the preservation of patient’s personal hygiene
Conservation of social integrity exists when a patient is recognized as someone who resides within a family, a community, a religious group, an ethnic group, a political system, and a nation
Nursing care should help the individual to preserve his or her place in a family, community, and society
(Roy, 2014)
Analysis — Concepts
Wholeness is the singular, yet integrated response of the individual to forces in the environment
Adaptation is the process of change and integration of the organism in which the individual retains integrity or wholeness. It is possible to have degrees of adaptation
Conservation includes joining together and is the product of adaptation including nursing intervention and patient participation to maintain a safe balance
(Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011)
Analysis — Levine’s Theory in Nursing
Nursing is the human interaction relying on communication, rooted in the organic dependency of the individual human being in his relationships with other human beings (Meleis, 2013)
Analysis — Levine’s Theory in Health
Health is the pattern of adaptive change of the whole being
It should be noted that it is not only the insult or the injury, which is repaired, but also the individual him/herself
Health is not only the healing of an afflicted part, but a return to normalcy (Roy, 2014)
Analysis — Levine’s Theory in Patient
Person/patient is the unique individual in unity and integrity, feeling, believing, thinking, and whole (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011)
Analysis — Levine’s Theory in Environment
Focus is given to the three aspects of external environment drawn upon Bates’ (1967) classification which are:
The operational…
