Ethics in Nursing Research
Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 7
Ethics in Nursing Research
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
An ethical dilemma occurs when a situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for a rigorous study.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
True
An ethical dilemma is situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for a rigorous study.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ethical Dilemma in Conducting Research
A situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for a rigorous study
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
The Nuremberg Code serves as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by the U.S. government.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
False
The Belmont Report serves as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by the U.S. government. The Nuremberg Code was an international effort to establish ethical standards.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Code of Ethics
Nuremberg Code
Declaration of Helsinki
Belmont Report
Codes for professional disciplines (e.g., by the American Nurses Association, American Psychological Association)
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
What is nonmaleficence?
Performance of some good
Protection from physical and psychological harm and exploitation
Participants right to self-determination
Freedom to control their own actions
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
B
Beneficence involves the performance of some good, and the protection of participants from physical and psychological harm and exploitation is nonmaleficence. Respect for human dignity involves participants’ right to self-determination, which means they have the freedom to control their own actions.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Tell whether the following statement is true or false:
Justice includes the right to fair treatment and the right to privacy.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
True
Justice includes the right to fair treatment and the right to privacy.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ethical Principles from the Belmont Report
Principle of Beneficence: Above all,
do no harm.
Freedom from harm
Freedom from exploitation
Maximizing benefits to participants and society
Maintaining an appropriate risk/benefit ratio
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ethical Principles from the Belmont Report (cont.)
Principle of Respect for Human
Dignity
Right to self-determination (absence of coercion)
Right to full disclosure (absence of deception or concealment)
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ethical Principles from the Belmont Report (cont.)
Principle of Justice
Right to fair treatment
Right to privacy (confidentiality, anonymity)
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Informed Consent
Informed consent means that participants:
Have adequate information about the research
Can comprehend that information
Have free choice in deciding whether to participate in or withdraw from the study
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Content of Informed Consent—What Must Be Communicated?
Status as a study participant
Study goals
Type of data to be collected and procedures to be used
Nature of participant’s commitment
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Content of Informed Consent (cont.)
Sponsorship of the study
Participant selection
Potential risks and benefits
Treatment alternatives
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Content of Informed Consent (cont.)
Confidentiality pledge
Voluntary nature of participation
Participant’s right to withdraw or withhold information
Information on contacting researcher
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Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Vulnerable Subjects
Children
Mentally or emotionally disabled people
Severely ill or physically disabled people
Terminally ill people
Institutionalized people
Pregnant women
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