it might seem much work but everything together will be less than a full page
1)Write a 1-2 paragraph annotation summarizing another academic article. the article you are summarizing is bellow
- Atekwana, E. A., Sauck, W. A., & Werkema Jr, D. D. (2000). Investigations of geoelectrical signatures at a hydrocarbon contaminated site. Journal of applied Geophysics, 44(2-3), 167-180.
This study provides an evaluation of the utility and resolution of different geoelectrical methods in mapping contaminant distribution in the subsurface, and provides a window into the processes that may control their response at a site in Central Michigan. In situ and 2D surface resistivity, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and electromagnetic methods (EM) constrained by soil boring data were used to investigate the electrical properties of a light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) contaminant plume that resulted from 50 years of leakage into a glacio-fluvial geologic setting. Overall, the electrical signature from the in situ resistivity measurements were best able to image the subsurface stratigraphy and the associated contamination zone. GPR also mapped the subsurface stratigraphy. In particular, the GPR recorded a reflector that is subparallel to the water table, and occurs a few meters above the current free product level, which is coincident with the top of an oil-stained, light-gray sand layer. Further, regions of attenuated GPR reflections (shadow zones) due to enhanced conductivities were found to be coincident with low apparent resistivities. 2D geoelectrical measurements successfully imaged the top of the saturated zone and the underlying clay layer, but was unable to resolve any anomalous region that could be attributed to the hydrocarbon contamination. Likewise, the EM results provided no evidence of the presence of the free product plume at depth. Throughout this investigation, geoelectric measurements consistently recorded low resistivities (high apparent conductivities) associated with zones containing the free/residual product plume instead of high resistivities as has been suggested by the simple intuitive model. From this, it is inferred that substantial modification of the geochemical characteristics of the plume, surrounding media, and associated groundwater has occurred as a result of biogeochemical reactions. It is evident from this study that in situ resistivity measurements combined with surface geoelectrical measurements can characterize the distribution of conductive zones that may be associated with the biodegradation of LNAPL in the subsurface. Thus, the application of these techniques to hydrogeologic, contaminant monitoring, and remediation studies are far reaching.
2)Then write one sentence of synthesis connecting this article to the other two academic articles you annotated. Finally write a few sentences describing what you noticed about the research and writing across the three articles and how you think it is a reflection of the discipline.
ANNOTATED ARTICLE 1;
Optical fiber sensor technologies keep on developing over time, and many types of OFS have fit in civil engineering. Resulting from the RILEM technical committee’s work “Optical fiber sensors for civil engineering applicationsâ€, many types of sensing techniques, including change of light intensity, fiber grating, adsorption measurement and distributed sensing, have been shown to introduce the basic sensing principles (Leung 2015).
The applications of OFS in highway structures, building structures, geotechnical structures, pipelines as well as cables monitoring are described, with focus on sensor design, installation technique and sensor performance. It is believed that the State of the Art review is helpful to engineers considering the use of OFS in their projects, and can facilitate the wider application of OFS technologies in the construction industry (Leung 2015).
ANNOTATED ARTICLE 2;
The consent of a circular footing resting on an elastic half space are presented for a big range of dimensionless frequency. Results have been presented for the vertical, and horizontal vibration of a disc placed on an elastic half space, as well as for the coupling terms between the vertical and horizontal vibrartions.
The consent stress distributions under the disc, waves part of the far field displacements have been evaluated. It is hoped that these results will prove to be useful in the design of foundations for vibrating technologies and in the study of soil structure interaction.
