#1  Nursing theory class

Is the definition of the concept of caring as presented in the theory of nursing as caring congruent with your own conceptual definition of caring? What is it about the definition that is different? What is it about the definition that is similar? Identify one MSN Essential that most closely relates to how you understand and view caring and briefly explain your reason for the selection.

**As a reminder, all questions must be answered to receive full credit for this discussion. please include your name in the title bar of the discussion. Also, make sure to use scholarly sources to support your discussion.**

#2. Nnursing research class

.

How would your questions and strengths change if you were to perform the same study using a different method?

Discussion

The proposed qualitative question for the desired research project is;

What are the different factors that hinder the transfer of clinical skills among nursing students?

According to Creswell (2014), “Narrative Approach” follows a set of in-depth interviews to study the lives of different individuals. Consequently, the identified information leads to the development of different themes, words and illustrates the stories. Therefore, this research question will be investigated under narrative qualitative research design. Furthermore, the research approach will follow in-depth semi-structured interviews because an in depth one-to-one interview between the researcher and the respondent allows the researcher to ask many questions from the participants to collect information (Zikmund et al., 2013).  According to Mathew & Ross (2010), strengths of in-depth interview are; to follow common questions
introduction of interview questions in different ways or orders as necessary, and to allow the interviewee to answer the questions in their own way using their words (story telling)
Whereas the disadvantages of in-depth interviews are; they can be very time-consuming: setting up, interviewing, transcribing, analysing, feedback, reporting they can be costly, different interviewers may understand and transcribe interviews in different ways.
      

In the field of nursing discipline, emerging technologies are changing the nursing practices; such as genetics and genomics; less invasive and more accurate tools for diagnosis and treatment;  3D printing; robotics; biometrics; electronic health records; and computerized physician/provider order entry and clinical decision support (CPOE). However, with these changing technologies, it is important that nurses should have the competencies to implement these technologies. For instance, nurses may lack competence towards genomes and genetics, competencies to use less invasive tools and 3D printing, the use of robotics to increase patient care, and the appropriate use of CPOE to support clinical decision making and provide best practices (Huston, 2013). Whereas the use of mixed methods, that is, both quantitative and qualitative methods will be significant to investigate into the role of emerging technologies within the nursing practice. Because this method have the following set of advantages and both the methods will complement each other in the following manner; the strengths of one approach offset the weaknesses of the other, sed properly, a combination of methods provides more comprehensive and convincing evidence, mixed methods research can answer certain research questions that a single method approach cannot, a mixed method study can encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, mixed methods encourage the use of multiple worldviews/paradigms, mixed methods research is “practical” in that it permits the usage of multiple techniques and approaches that best address the research question (Guest & Fleming, 2015).

However, mixed methods have the following set of disadvantages and these will lead to challenges within the identified clinical problem; The research design can be very complex, takes much more time and resources to plan and implement this type of research, it may be difficult to plan and implement one method by drawing on the findings of another, it may be unclear how to resolve discrepancies that arise in the interpretation of the findings (Guest & Fleming, 2015).  Keeping in view the strengths of mixed methods, qualitative methods can identify the set of current factors that contribute within the role of emerging technologies. Whereas with the use quantitative methods the level and the effect of these identified variables (factors) can be measured.  And the results will be generalized for future use.

References
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Guest, G., & Fleming, P. (2015). Mixed methods research. Public Health Research Methods. Washington DC, Sage Publications Inc, 58-610.
Huston, C. (2013). The impact of emerging technology on nursing care: Warp speed ahead. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18(2), . Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/Table of Contents/Vol-18-2013/No2-May-2013/Impact-of-Emerging-Technology.html
Matthews, B., & Ross, L. (2010). Research methods: A practical guide for the social sciences. Pearson Education.
Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. & Griffin, M., (2013). Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

 I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 150-200 WORDS

Scientific management theory is one of the oldest management theories that were developed in the 20^th century. Scientific management theory attributed to Frederick W. Taylor (Marquis & Huston, 2009). The theory is anchored on understanding workflows and improving labor productivity. Its application is depending on a high level of managerial control over employee work practices. The theory advocates for division of labor and specialization (Tomey, 2009). This theory in health care would give autonomy to the manager to plan health care schedules and manage their execution. Under this theory, the manager decides the training and development plan for the health care professional as opposed to giving them the chance to choose programs they deem appropriate to their career development (Tomey, 2009). This theory fails to appreciate the fact that the management requirements and those of the health care professionals are rarely identical. This leads to a discouraged workforce hence poor service delivery (Huber, 2013).

The theory ensures that scientific procedures are developed for every treatment plan or process and therefore the health professionals have no say or opinion about the routines. The health care given in this theory has to follow the laid down procedure, the long-term effect is the creation of monotony that leads to poor service delivery. The inefficiencies showcased by this theory led to participative decision making in the workplace (Marquis & Huston, 2009). In the health care context, participative decision making include the involvement of all health care professionals and the management in the problem analysis, solution implementation, and the general decision making process.

Information sharing as argued by Marquis and Huston (2009) is one of the most important aspects in achieving participative decision making. The health care professionals feel valued if the management shared the performance, status, plans, and the general health of the company according to Marquis and Huston (2009). Training and development opportunities also help significantly in the motivation of the workforce. The knowledge gained from this pursuit is beneficial to the organization in the long term as observed by Huber (2013. Another example of participative decision making is allowing health care professionals to make decisions on work schedules, budgets, and reward systems.

References

Huber, D. (2013). Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2009). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Tomey, A. M. (2009). Nursing management and leadership. Elsevier, Missouri.

Wheeler, R. M., & Foster, J. W. (2013). Barriers to participation in governance and professional advancement: A comparison of internationally educated nurses and registered nurses educated in the United States. Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(7/8), 409-414.