Which of these muscles contracts to raise the pressure in the abdomen during straining?
A. The spinal cord is vent Show more B. Key 1. Directional terms and planes. Choose the one correct statement. A. The spinal cord is ventral to the bodies (centra) of the vertebrae. B. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are cranial to the forearms. C. The ilium and ischium bones are in the mid-sagittal (median) plane of the body. D. The neural tube is ventral to the coelom (in the embryo). E. The nose is lateral and caudal to the clavicle. E. Key 2. Scale and dimensions: The diameter of an average cell in the body is: A. half a micrometer B. 1 meter C. half a millimeter D. 10 centimeters E. 10 micrometers A. Key 3. Choose the correct statement. A. The special kind of electron microscopy in which cells are not cut in sections but viewed in three dimension is scanning electron microscopy. B. Colored dyes are used to stain tissues for electron microscopy not light microscopy. C. In connective tissues the cells are close and joined but in epithelia the cells are farther apart. D. Epithelium has a lot of extracellular matrix. E. Light microscopy has higher resolution than electron microscopy. D. Key 4. Which cell type contains a lot of secretory granules? A. skeletal muscle fiber B. osteocyte C. macrophage D. goblet cell E. endothelial cell D. Key 5. Organelles: Choose the FALSE match between an organelle and its properties. A. ribosome: protein assembly. B. centrosome: anchors the mitotic spindle; and microtubules radiate outward from it. C. some organelles with a unit membrane are the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. D. mitochondrion: makes the two subunits of the ribosomes. E. intermediate filament: resists tension placed on the cell. D. Key 6. What organelle in a skeletal muscle cell stores then releases lots of calcium ions to trigger muscle contraction? A. centriole B. glycosome (glycogen granule) C. nuclear envelope D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum E. Golgi apparatus C. Key 7. Cytoskeleton: Circle the FALSE statement. A. Microtubules are parts of centrioles. B. Intermediate filaments are in the cytosol. C. Actin microfilaments and intermediate filaments are hollow tubes and are stretchy and elastic. D. Actin microfilaments occur in all cells but they are most abundant in muscle cells where they are called thin filaments. E. Microtubules and actin microfilaments interact with motor proteins such as kinesins and myosin. A. Key 8. In the cell nucleus which of these has genes that are being transcribed by messenger RNA to read the genetic code? A. extended chromatin B. nuclear pores C. nuclear envelope D. condensed chromatin E. proteins of the nucleolus D. Key 9. Which one of these is NOT an example of segmentation in the human body as we defined segmentation in class? A. the spinal nerves that attach to the spinal cord (dorsal and ventral roots) B. the 12 pairs of costal cartilages C. the external intercostal muscles D. the segments of the limbs such as the arm forearm palm and finger segments between finger joints E. the dozens of intervertebral discs in the vertebral column C. Key 10. Which of these features is NOT present in all the vertebrate animals? A. notochord B. the spinal cord and brain C. limbs with digits (fingers and toes) D. heart in the ventral thorax E. pharyngeal slits or pouches D. Key 11. Which medical imaging procedure is both the safest and easiest to use (shortest preparation time least complicated for the patient)? A.PET B.MRI C.full-body CT scan D.ultrasonography D. Key 12. In a lecture this year Dr. Mallatt said that your lecture notes on Medical Imaging are outdated in one way. What is the new advance that made your notes outdated? A. No physician uses palpation in physical exams any more. B. PET is no longer used because it harms patients with radioactivity. C. No traditional X-ray imaging is done any more. D. Due to faster computers ultrasonography and other techniques can now produce sharper 3-D images even reconstructing organs moving in real time. E. CT images of soft structures are now as sharp as MRI images of these soft structures. D. Key 13. Early in week 3 of development what does NOT happen at the primitive streak (or primitive node)? A. the mesoderm forms B. the notochord forms C. the endoderm forms D. the neural tube forms E. the epiblast migrates in through the streak D. Key 14. Embryology: Choose the one correct relation between the adult structure and the embryonic structure giving rise to it. A. vertebrae: from the intermediate mesoderm. B. the slippery serous membrane that lines the coelom: from endoderm. C. neural tube: from somites. D. skeletal muscles of the limbs: from myomeres. E. dermis of the skin: from splanchnic mesoderm. A. Key 15. What does the embryonic notochord give rise to? A. nucleus pulposus B. spinal cord C. vertebrae D. digestive tube E. coelom E. Key 16. An epithelium that functions in secretion nutrient absorption or pumping ions is most likely to be: A. stratified squamous B. simple squamous C. stratified cuboidal D. stratified columnar E. simple columnar C. Key 17. During development when does the flat embryonic disc fold into the cylindrical body shape (tadpole-like)? A. Week 1 B. Week 2 C. Week 4 D. Week 8 E. Week 20 E. Key 18. Choose the correct statement about a cilium. A. beats back and forth to move fluid in all directions and mix it. B. cilia are on the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin. C. cilia are shorter than most microvilli. D. cilia move but microvilli move more. E. its core contains microtubules and dynein arms. C. Key 19. Cell junctions: The strongest structure for holding cells together is: A. zonula occludens (tight junction) B. gap junction C. desmosome D. extracellular matrix of connective tissue E. basal lamina C. Key 20. By definition what does the term simple mean in the name of a simple gland? A. it means a simple gland lacks stratified epithelium B. the gland has lots of secretory units C. the duct does not branch D. same as exocrine gland E. same as unicellular gland D. Key 21. What are the three basic parts of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues? A. fat blood vessels and fibers B. cytoplasm nucleus and collagen C. blood mineral crystals tissue fluid D. fibers tissue fluid ground substance E. myofilaments intermediate filaments and microtubules B. Key 22. Tissues: Which of these is NOT a kind of connective tissue? A. fat tissue B. endothelium C. fibrocartilage D. scar tissue (we did not talk about scar tissue but you can figure this out using logic!) E. epimysium of skeletal muscle E. Key 23. Cells in loose areolar connective tissue: Choose the correct match between the cell type and its function. A. Mast cell: secretes tissue fluid. B. Fibroblast: stores glycogen (glycosomes). C. Adipose cell: secretes antibodies. D. Plasma cell: secretes histamine. E. Macrophage: phagocytizes bacteria and other foreign substances. C. Key 24. Here is a quote from a page in your lecture notes: An artery enters each epiphysis [around the time of birth] carrying bone-forming cells. These cells surround the ragged remains of the calcified cartilage so spongy bone is laid down in the epiphyses exactly as it was in the diaphysis. Specifically what are these cells that lay down the bone? A. osteocytes B. chondrocytes C. osteoblasts D. periosteum cells E. osteoclasts C. Key 25. Circle the one FALSE statement about cartilage. A. In our skeleton hyaline cartilage is more abundant than elastic cartilage. B. It heals well in children but poorly in adults. C. It calcifies and becomes bone so calcified cartilage is bone. D. It has a lot of water in its extracellular matrix. E. It is a resilient (springy) tissue. B. Key 26. What is the function of collagen in our body? A. resist compression B. resist tension C. give springiness (resilience) D. give elasticity (stretch and recoil) E. serve as a protein-nutrient store for the fibroblasts. E. Key 27. Circle the FALSE statement about an osteon (=haversian system). A. It functions to resist compression forces like a weight-bearing pillar. B. It has a central canal and bone lamellae. C. It functions to resist twisting forces that are placed on a bone of The skeleton. D. It looks like a hollow tree trunk with tree rings in its walls. E. It occurs only in spongy (trabecular) bone. B. Key 28. A person has epiphyseal plates of hyaline cartilage. What is that persons life stage or age? A. fetus B. child C. embryo D. 25-year-old adult E. 88-year-old adult B. Key 29. Which of these bones never has an epiphyseal plate? A. tibia B. mandible C. first metatarsal D. radius E. sixth rib D. Key 30. What is the function of synovial fluid? A. diffusion medium in areolar connective tissue B. to make cartilage springy C. to fill the coelom body cavity D. lubricant to reduce friction in joints E. to nourish the bone of epiphyses E. Key 31. A woman disarticulated her jaw joint by yawning hard. To rearticulate this joint her physician pushed her mandible. . . A. superiorly B. right or left as needed C. the front of the mandible superiorly and the back of the mandible inferiorly. D. anteriorly E. inferiorly and posteriorly A. Key 32. Choose the correct statement. A. Muscles that develop from epimere mostly extend the vertebral column. B. Rectus abdominis muscle extends the vertebral column. C. Limb muscles that develop from the dorsal muscle mass flex the limbs and their segments. D. The intercostal muscles ultimately come from splanchnic mesoderm. E. The gastrocnemius muscle develops from the dorsal limb-muscle mass of the embryo. A. Key 33. Branchial (pharyngeal-arch) muscles: Circle the correct statement. A. They include the swallowing and chewing muscles and the muscles on the face for facial expression. B. A specific branchial muscle is the brachialis. C. They are smooth muscles because they come from the digestive tube which only has smooth muscle. D. They include the eye muscles and tongue muscles. E. They develop from somatic mesoderm. B. Key 34. Which of these muscles contracts to raise…
