BESC1490

You must answer the questions in the assignment guide for each topic you have chosen (approximately 550 words) and explain and apply some aspect of that topic material to your life (or future life) (approximately 250 words). The submission for each topic should be no more than 800 words; for 2 topics the total word count for this assignment is therefore 1600 words. Do not exceed the word limit. Assignments will not be read nor assessed beyond the word limit. Word counts do NOT include the cover sheet/title page, title, or reference list.
Please clearly state your name, student identification number, and the chosen topics in your assignment. Please format your assignment using APA style guidelines (i.e., size 12 Times New Roman font, double-spaced) in a Word or PDF document and include a reference list using APA referencing style. An RMIT referencing guide is available here . 

Your written submission for each topic will be marked out of 20. With 2 topics, this assessment will be marked out of a total of 40 marks and will be worth 40% of the overall grade in the course. When your assignment has been graded, your mark will appear in Canvas.

Health Care Case 3

Descriptive and Analytic Epidemiology

Required Reading

Boston University School of Public Health (n.d.). Overview of analytic studies. Retrieved from http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/EP/EP713_AnalyticOverview/EP713_AnalyticOverview_print.html

Carneiro, I. & Howard, N. (2011). Introduction to epidemiology (2nd ed). Open University Press: New York, NY. ISBN: 9780335244621

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2012). Lesson 1: Introduction to Epidemiology, Section 6: Descriptive Epidemiology. Principles of epidemiology in public health practice (3rd ed.), pp. 1-31. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Atlanta, GA. http://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section6.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). E-learning course – Introduction to public health surveillance. Accessed from https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/documents/introduction-to-surveillance.pdf

Ellis-Christensen, T. (2016). What is descriptive epidemiology? Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-descriptive-epidemiology.htm

Optional Reading

Cosio G (2012). Epidemiological Overview of Tuberculosis [Presentation]. Retrieved from https://www.aphl.org/programs/infectious_disease/tuberculosis/TBCore/OverviewCourse.pdf

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (2016). Malaria. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/Malaria/research/Pages/biology.aspx

Homework Assignment

Case Assignment

This assignment has two parts.

Part 1: Write a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the following diseases: Lyme disease or Malaria. Describe the basic epidemiological patterns of this health condition by person, place, and time.

Part 2: You are a Health Officer for a rural county health department and have been assigned to study the frequency of an infectious disease such as tuberculosis or HIV/AIDS. Write an essay in which you do the following:

1. Describe observational and experimental epidemiology as the two (2) study designs apply to either of the diseases you have chosen. Be sure to identify differences between these two types of analytic epidemiology.

2. Under what conditions will you conduct a case-control study as opposed to a cohort study?

Be sure to support your opinion with evidence from the literature. Please research from the module materials and any credible, scholarly and professional source including the University’s online library in providing your response.

Length: 3-4 pages, excluding title page and references.

Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric that is linked within the course. Review it before you begin working on the assignment.

Your work should also follow these Assignment Expectations.

 

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Originally posted 2018-05-11 08:21:32.

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These are some great resources you shared about the impact of cyberbullying on the individual, school, community, etc.

Part one: These are some great resources you shared about the impact of cyberbullying on the individual, school, community, etc. However, the forum asked to find a story in the news where cyber victimization/bullying occurred. After finding a news story, how does the research you found apply to the understanding the effects on these various levels in the news story you found? My answer that was posted;

Oh, W., Acquisti, A., & Sia, C. L. (2018). ICT Challenges and Opportunities in Building a “Bright Society.” The process of victimizing others using technology is the best description of cyber victimization. Cyber victimization can target individuals, government, and organizations as victims. With the rise of the use of technology in almost every aspect of life and using platforms such as social media, cyber victimization has also been on the rise.

For instance, among the children, it has been discovered that cyberbullying causes these children exhibit different characters to those not abused. In this case, abused children showed signs of not wanting to go to school, sharp decline in the grades, drop in the self-esteem issues, skipping schools and feeling withdrawn from the rest of his peers. These effects if not seen in time and such a kid help it can lead to depression with even some trying to commit suicide (Chen, & Lwin, 2017).

For the case of cyberbullying at the family level, the family is likely to experience difficulties. For instance, the family is expected to live intensions as family members are thrown in confusion due to being abused and the abused individual in the family resorting to keeping secrets to his family members. Besides that, the victim may also cheat to his family as he/she thinks that it was his/her fault. The victim is also likely to feel withdrawn from his family, and low self-esteem. Therefore, due to these effects of bullying to the family members, it would be important the family embraces the use of dialogue and constant communication among family members to identify changes in one easy and try to help the victim before the situation grows out of control (Kim et al., 2018).

Additionally, there are also effects that are associated with the community due to cyberbullying. In this case, some individuals feel victimized in the city because of not fitting into a group that is perceived to be normal. For instance, the media has portrayed continuously that slim ladies are beautiful as compared to fat ladies, this is likely to make these ladies feel not being fit enough to fit in the society and lead to withdrawal by the victims, and the significant drop in self-esteem (Kim et al., 2018).

Besides that, these effects are likely to be exhibited by victims of cyberbullying at the working place. Despite being full grown adults, they are not affected by these effects. As they are likely to keep to themselves, maintain secrets, skip job and their self-esteem is expected to drop significantly (Oh, Acquisti, & Sia, 2018).

One of the famous cyber victimization events that took place is the Ryan Halligan case that took place between 1989 and 2003. The victim resorted to suicide after experiencing cyberbullying where his private chats and conversations with a supposed friend were leaked and copy pasted on the social media (AIM). His parents reported that they found a folder filled with instant message exchange and realized that technology could be a weapon of destruction. The victim was humiliated when an embarrassing story he shared with his friend on messaging went public and resorted to suicide. That is one of the significant cases that the victims resorted to suicide after experiencing cyberbullying. The effects that it has on an individual, families, community, and workplace include humiliation and embarrassment, withdrawal, low self-esteem among others. In (Mc, G. C., & In Corcoran, L. 2017). In summary, cyber victimization should be taken much more seriously and should be considered as a weapon of destruction. The government should enforce laws that protect every of its citizen from the predicament of cyber victimization and cyberbullying altogether.

References

Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017). A meta-analysis of factors predicting cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: From the social cognitive and media effects approach. New media & society, 19(8), 1194-1213.

In Mc, G. C., & In Corcoran, L. (2017). Bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, psychological impacts and intervention strategies.

Kim, S., Colwell, S. R., Kata, A., Boyle, M. H., & Georgiades, K. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization and adolescent mental health: Evidence of differential effects by sex and mental health problem type. Journal of youth and adolescence, 47(3), 661-672.

Oh, W., Acquisti, A., & Sia, C. L. (2018). ICT Challenges and Opportunities in Building a “Bright Society.” Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 19(2), 58-62.

part two:

Megan Meier was a 13 year old female. Nobulling.com (2016) states that she struggled with ADD, depression, and weight issues. Megan had struggled in the past with suicidal thoughts. She began engaging in a friendship with a boy who was nice and told Megan she was pretty. All of a sudden, the boy began to tell her he did not want to be friends and his posts began to be increasingly mean. Megan died by suicide after hanging herself in her broom closet (Nobullying.com, 2016). It was later discovered that the boy did not exist. A family in the neighborhood was bullying Megan. She died due an inability to cope with the pain caused by to a couple of kids who thought it was funny to bully, lie to, and manipulate others.

Jackson and Cohen (2012) identify bullying as behavior that is “intentional, have the potential to harm, are committed by an individual in an aroused physical state, and are perceived as aversive by the victim”. These behaviors can include insults, manipulation, pretense of being a friend, etc. Banning and colleagues (2014) found “both traditional and cyber bullying victimization were associated with mental health problems in girls but not in boys… Only traditional bullying victimization was associated with suicidal ideation after controlling for baseline suicidal ideation”.

I have to wonder if this finding could be repeated in another study. Looking for an article, there were story after story of bulling victims dying by suicide. Two thoughts come to mind. First, is the research influenced by previous mental illness? Secondly, if the sample did not have a diagnosis what would the results be different?

Bannink R, Broeren S, van de Looij – Jansen PM, de Waart FG, Raat H (2014) Cyber and Traditional

Bullying Victimization as a Risk Factor for Mental Health Problems and Suicidal Ideation in

Adolescents. PLoS ONE 9(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.

Jackson, C.L., & Cohen, R. (2012). Childhood victimization: Modeling the relation between classroom

victimization, cyber victimization, and psychosocial functioning. Psychology of Popular Media

Culture. 1(4), 254–269. doi: 10.1037/a0029482

NoBullying.com. (2016). The tragic Megan Meier story. Retrieved from http://nobullying.com/the-

megan-meier-story/

 

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Can you with sociology homework?

Use the Internet to research one (1) developing nation of your choice. Your research should include an examination of lending institutions, health care, and human capital, as well as the material covered by the Webtext and lectures in Weeks 6 through 9.

 

Write a three to four (3-4) page research paper in which you:

 

  1. Explore whether or not funding from international lending institutions like the World Bank and the IMF are helping or hindering the social, economic, or political development of the country that you have selected. Support your response with examples.
  2. Discuss, with examples, at least four (4) substantive ways in which a healthy population strengthens the economy of the country that you have selected.
  3. Ascertain the degree to which the leadership of your chosen country has used foreign aid to improve its health care system. Support your response with concrete examples.
  4. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia, blogs, and other nonacademic websites do not qualify as academic resources. Approval of resources is at the instructor’s discretion. Resources must also be within the last seven (7) years.

 

When referencing the selected resources, please use the following format: 

 

  • Webtext Format:
    • Name of the author. Name of title. Retrieved from website url.
      • Example:

 

Soomo. Understanding Development [Webtext]. Retrieved from http://www.webtexts.com/courses/9218-cathey.

 

  • Lecture Format:
    • Name of the Author. Name of the lecture [lecture type]. Retrieved from lecture url.
      • Example:

 

Strayer University. (2013). Understanding Development [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from /bbcswebdav/institution/SOC/300/1136/Week1/lecture/story.html.

 

  • Internet Resources:
    • Author’s Name. (Date of publication). Title of the resource. Retrieved from website url.
      • Example:

 

Wuestewald, Eric. (2014). Portraits of people living on a dollar a day. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2014/04/living-on-a-dollar-a-day-photos-renee-byer-thomas-nazario.

 

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

 

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. 
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

 

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

 

  • Determine how human capital is used and what effect gender disparity has on these decisions.
  • Determine what role health plays in developing economies.
  • Examine the role that the International Monetary Fund and World Bank play in transfers and the conditions they set to effect this funding.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in sociology of developing countries.
  • Write clearly and concisely about sociology of developing countries using proper writing mechanics.

 

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