PSychology and Psychiatry in Nursing – Savvy Essay Writers | savvyessaywriters.net
PSychology and Psychiatry in Nursing – Savvy Essay Writers | savvyessaywriters.net
1-Review the follow research paper about Topic: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
2-Write a CONCLUSION must have a minimum of 500 words
The group project research paper must have:
· a minimum of 2500 words
· Main body (does not include the title page, abstract, or reference pages).
· Times New Roman, Size 12, and 6 references about that topic (4 of them most be research articles). The criteria exposed in your paperwork must be exclusively based on peer reviewed article, and I will be very fussy in confirming the reliability of your statements.
· A formal paper using APA format according to Publication Manual American Psychological Association (APA) (6th ed.).2009 ISBN: 978-1-4338-0561-5 will be submitted via Exercise Submission.
· This paperwork must be submitted by Wednesday November 20.
Question Guide:
The paper should include the following:
1. Abstract
2. What is PTSD ?
3. Statistics
4. Diagnostic criteria / Categorization
5. Physiological Responses
6. Maladaptive Patterns
7. Interventions / Treatments (pharmacological and non-pharmacological)
8. Other considerations in the management of PSTD (including but not limited to management of behaviors, family considerations, challenges in the care of patients with this disorder.
9. Examine evidence-based practice guidelines / research, nursing theories that support the identification of clinical problems, implementation of nursing skills in the care of adults with this disorder.
10. Conclusion
Running Head: PTSD 1
PTSD 2
What is PTSD?
Abstract
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the mental health disorder that triggers a horrifying experience either experiencing. The trauma experienced by the victim is leading to the tearing of their mental anchors. According to approximation, PTSD affects 3.5 percent of the United States population every year. Studies have shown that in the past years, PTSD has affected about 3.6 percent of the America adults of ages 18 years. The management of the PTSD is focused on the management of the symptoms and improvement in the behaviors. The behavioral changed is addressed using trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Evidence-based approaches such as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are used to inform healthcare personnel with the framework needed for the assessment, treatment, and management of the individual needs and the preferences.
What is PTSD?
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the mental health disorder that triggers a horrifying experience either experiencing. It is a psychiatric trauma that is being instigated by an event associated with an acute and devastating threat. As the events take place, the inner agency of the mind of the affected individual leads to the loss capability of controlling the disorganization of the effects caused by the experience thus leading to the disequilibrium. The trauma experienced by the victim is leading to the tearing of their mental anchors. Some of the symptoms associated with PTSD include severe severity, nightmares, and flashbacks, and the uncontrollable thoughts about the event. The common traumas leading to PTSD can include sexual abuse and battering among many others. Individuals with PTSD also face other problems such as drug addiction since the majority of them are using substances to cope with the symptoms of PTSD. PTSD is turning into a gang war with a host of other comorbid issues which makes it harder for the victims of patients to deal with them (James & Gilliland).
A person may experience or may witness any horrible event, and he/she can be the victim of PTSD.
The causes of this syndrome may vary from person to person. It may occur after a single traumatic event or maybe a result of many sudden and horrifying events. Even though PTSD is linked to the experience of wartime trauma, it can also occur due to exposure to traumatic events. PTSD is developing in response to exposure to natural disasters and violent experiences
Statistics
The statistics of the PTSD in the United States tend to differ depending on a particular group of the population under study. It estimated that PTSD is affecting 3.5 percent of the United States population yearly and this is about 8 million Americans. Studies have shown that in the past years, PTSD has affected about 3.6 percent of the America adults of ages 18 years. Studies also show that 36.6, 33.1, and 30.2 percent of adults have experienced severe, moderate, and mild impairment respectively. It is also estimated that around 5 percent of adolescents are experiencing PTSD while 1.5 percent are experiencing severe PTSD. Recent statistics show that the number of people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder is increasing day by day. It has been as almost every 6 out of 10 men, and every 5 out of 10 women face any sudden and terrifying situation at least once in their lives. These traumatic events may appear in the form of any physical violence or sexual assaults when talking about women and children. While, in men this event can be any severe accident, witnessing any death of a loved one, serious injury, or any physical violence. The situation for PTSD is quite alarming. Almost 7 to 8% of the total population has the possibility to have PTSD (Tang et al., 2018). This mental disorder may appear in any phase of your life, mostly noticed among the people of 30-40 years. The previous studies showed that 1.8 percent of men had experienced PTSD as compared to 5.2 percent recorded by women.
Diagnosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
The symptoms of PTDS may vary from person to person, depending upon the actual cause of this syndrome (Jonas et al., 2019). If someone notices a serious change in behavior, attitude, and level of interest after any trauma. He/she must consult immediately to a medical expert to determine the causes and intensity of this disorder. A delay and negligence may increase the severity of disorder and cam led the victim to the suicidal attempts. That is why an early diagnosis is very important. To diagnose PTSD, DSM-5 criteria are used by most of the psychologists.
DSM-5 stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (2013). The version of DMS got revised in 2013 and introduced the criteria for the diagnosis of disorders caused by any trauma or stress. This criterion is valid for victims of more than 6 years old. For under 6 years, another DMS version is used and designed for children only (Ibrahim et al., 2018). DMS-5 criterion covers the following aspects.
A. Stressor
A stressor is a person who was victimized through any sexual assault or threatened to death. He may be witness any murder or death of any loved one, and he may get seriously injured in an accident. Such injury may result in losing any body part etc. in the following ways.
· Directly exposed to death or any accident.
· Witnessing any horrifying situation or trauma.
· Watching any friend who has witnessed any trauma.
· Interacting with a loved one who has gone through any major disease or horrible event (Ibrahim et al., 2018).
B: intrusion symptoms
The appearance of traumatic events may be any one of the following.
· Any upsetting event or memory related to the past.
· Nightmares
· Flashbacks
· Emotionally disturbed after any trauma
· Extreme psychological distress for a longer time span (Ibrahim et al., 2018).
C: avoidance
Avoiding the trauma-related stimuli after observing any stressful event in any way are given below.
· Making an effort to avoid the reoccurring thoughts about the trauma
· Avoidance for the external reminders related to the trauma (Tyler et al., 2019).
· Neglecting the events or situations that can be similar to any stressful event.
D: negative alterations in cognitions and mood
This section covers all the thoughts and unnatural emotions that start appearing after that trauma in the following ways.
· Trouble encountering positive effect
· Blaming own self or others (who were directly or indirectly involved or present during that trauma) for causing the injury (Tyler et al., 2019)
· Decreasing enthusiasm for doing any sort of work
· Excessively negative thoughts and presumptions about oneself or the world.
· Negative effect
E: alterations in arousal and reactivity
Trauma-related arousal and reactivity can make the situation worse. This can cause serious depression and stress in a victim. It may appear in the following ways.
· Irritation for trauma-related stuff
· Difficulty concentrating and focus on anything (in terms of social and personal life as well) (Tyler et al., 2019).
· Difficulty in sleeping. A changed sleep cycle.
· Rude and hard behavior
· Frustrated attitude towards everything.
F: Time period of stress
In DSM-5 criteria, the time span for the symptoms matters a lot. These symptoms may appear or reappear for a minimum of 2 weeks to 1 month.
This DSM-5 method is used by the experts to diagnose the nature, extent, and causes of post-traumatic stress disorder (Tyler et al., 2019). This syndrome is mostly associated with stress and depression caused as the end result of any trauma.
Physiological response to PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder affects both the mind and body of a patient. The physiological responses to PTSD may vary from person to person. It depends on the immunity of the person, the intensity of the stress, and the nature of the trauma that caused the stress (Tang et al., 2018). Any sort of Injury and stress for a longer time period directly or indirectly has negative effects, by and large, a person’s physical and mental health. PTSD has been connected to more doctor visits in veteran populaces that means you need regular consultation if this issue has been diagnosed once. It can highly influence a person’s personal, social and even economic position of a patient.
The impacts of PTSD may entirely change the way of lifestyle. It actually influences human health and can disturb him/her. Sentiments of loneliness, sadness, stress, and consistent…