The Atmosphere-Ocean System questions

Science

QUESTION 1

1. The SECOND most abundant gas in Earth’s present atmosphere is
   

   		nitrogen
   		argon
   		water vapor
   		oxygen

3 points

QUESTION 2

1. What factor most determines the temperature structure of different layers of the atmosphere?
   

   		the different portions of the solar radiation they absorb
   		their depth and height above Earth’s surface
   		the degree of cloud cover on any given day
   		the amount of water vapor they contain

3 points

QUESTION 3

1. The stratosphere is much less turbulent that the troposphere because it
   

   		is thicker and provides more room for particles to move around
   		has a constant temperature with depth
   		reflects solar radiation outward, thus preventing the formation of wind
   		has a temperature structure of increasing temperature with altitude

3 points

QUESTION 4

1. What are banded iron formations and what do they tell us about the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere over geologic time?
   

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4 points

QUESTION 5

1. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide would lead to which of the following?
   

   		more UV-radiation on Earth
   		cooling of Earth
   		less solar radiation being reflected back to space
   		fewer cases of sunburn on Earth

3 points

QUESTION 6

1. At which part of Earth does sunlight strike with a lower angle and get spread out over a larger area?
   

   		middle latitudes
   		equator
   		poles
   		over the oceans

3 points

QUESTION 7

1. What is the Coriolis effect? What influence does it have on the movement of the atmosphere?
   

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4 points

QUESTION 8

1. Why is heat transfer by conduction limited to the area very near Earth’s surface?
   

   		the ground stays warmer than the air
   		the atmosphere is thicker there
   		little solar radiation reaches all the way to the surface
   		air is a poor conductor of heat energy

3 points

QUESTION 9

1. Which of the following best describes a cause of wind?
   

   		conduction of heat from Earth’s surface to the upper atmosphere
   		Earth’s spin on its axis
   		movement of air due to temperature differences
   		movement of air due to different changes is water vapor content

3 points

QUESTION 10

1. Where are the trade winds found?
   

   		over the equator
   		at the poles
   		between 0 and 30 degrees latitude
   		between 30 and 60 degrees latitude

3 points

QUESTION 11

1. Increased sulfur compounds from volcanic eruptions can have what kind of effect on the atmosphere?
   

   		make it slightly cooler for several months
   		deplete ozone from the stratosphere
   		increase the greenhouse effect
   		filter out harmful UV rays

3 points

QUESTION 12

1. Reductions in vehicle emissions, especially a reduction in nitrogen compounds, would likely lead to which of the following?
   

   		growth of the ozone layer
   		enhanced greenhouse effect
   		reductions in photochemical smog
   		production of more tropospheric ozone

3 points

QUESTION 13

1. What is the major human activity associated with depletion of the ozone layer? Why is depletion of the ozone a problem and what has been done about this problem?
   

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4 points

QUESTION 14

1. Of the following gases, which one contributes the most to the greenhouse effect?
   

   		carbon dioxide
   		methane
   		ozone
   		nitrous oxide

3 points

QUESTION 15

1. What happens to Earth’s greenhouse effect when human activities lead to increases in methane, carbon dioxide, and ozone in the atmosphere?
   

   		the greenhouse effect is enhanced
   		the greenhouse effect is decreased
   		the greenhouse effect is completely depleted
   		the greenhouse effect is unchanged

3 points

QUESTION 16

1. The salinity of ocean water is primarily determined by the balance between
   

   		sunlight and darkness
   		evaporation and precipitation
   		condensation and sublimation
   		depth and temperature

3 points

QUESTION 17

1. Except in polar regions, ocean water becomes
   

   		more mixed with depth
   		saltier with depth
   		lighter with depth
   		cooler with depth

3 points

QUESTION 18

1. Which of the following best describe the surface currents of the ocean?
   

   		driven by density differences
   		driven by wind
   		driven by salinity differences
   		driven by pulls from Earth’s gravity

3 points

QUESTION 19

1. Flat areas that occupy the deepest parts of the ocean floor are called the
   

   		abyssal plains
   		guyots
   		oceanic trenches
   		continental shelves

3 points

QUESTION 20

1. Describe the effect that warmer oceans may have on global atmospheric carbon levels. What effect will this have on global warming?
   

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4 points

QUESTION 21

1. Water of the North Atlantic Ocean is
   

   		cold and shallow
   		cold and salty
   		warm and shallow
   		warm and has very little salt

3 points

QUESTION 22

1. The global circulation of ocean water is likened to a huge conveyor belt. How does this “conveyor belt” move and what is the general pattern of global ocean water movement?
   

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4 points

QUESTION 23

1. At which of the following points does cold water from the North Atlantic merge with other cold water and begin moving eastward?
   

   		near Antarctica
   		east coast of U.S.
   		near Australia
   		north Pacific

3 points

QUESTION 24

1. Why are some of the world’s most productive fisheries found near areas of coastal upwelling?
   

   		The coastal upwelling makes the water calmer, making fishing easier.
   		The coastal upwelling brings nutrients into the water that feed sea animals.
   		The coastal upwelling dilutes the salt content of the area, making it suitable for freshwater fish.

3 points

QUESTION 25

1. Humidity is
   

   		a measure of air pressure
   		the temperature at which water condenses
   		a measure of how much water is in air
   		the energy associated with moving air

3 points

QUESTION 26

1. The atmosphere plays the major role is circulating heat and energy. Ocean currents do not affect climate very much.
   

   		True
   		False

2 points

QUESTION 27

1. What symbol is used to designate a polar climate?
   

   		E
   		B
   		A
   		D

3 points

QUESTION 28

1. Which direction does the jet stream flow?
   

   		west to east
   		north to south
   		south to north
   		east to west

3 points

QUESTION 29

1. Explain the difference between a warm front and a cold front. How does weather vary with each type of front?
   

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4 points

QUESTION 30

1. Large mountains can block the passage of moist air, making one side of the mountain receive more rain than the other.
   

   		True
   		False

2 points

QUESTION 31

1. Which layer of the atmosphere is bounded on the bottom by the surface of Earth?
   

   		exosphere
   		mesosphere
   		stratosphere
   		troposphere

3 points

QUESTION 32

1. Particulates in air pollution are of concern because they may
   

   		carry toxic metals
   		make the air look dirty
   		accumulate in people’s lungs
   		all of the above

3 points

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