APA format 2 pages 3 peer references 2 from walden university library

Discussion 2: Pediatrics and Geriatrics

Throughout this course, you have explored pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. While many patient factors may impact these processes and result in adverse drug reactions, age is often the cause. This creates the potential for a variety of issues when prescribing drugs to pediatric and geriatric patients. In terms of drug therapy for these two patient groups, it is essential to consider the harm versus benefit ratio of drug treatments. Are the benefits worth the risk? According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, nearly half of hospitalizations for adverse drug events involved geriatric patients (Budnitz, Lovegrove, Shehab, and Richards, 2011). Pediatric patients follow closely behind due to issues with dosing and polypharmacy.

Due to aging and alterations of disease, the cellular structure of the body changes across the lifespan—from pediatrics to geriatrics. As a result, body systems begin to function differently and may react to drugs differently through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. In pediatric and geriatric patients, the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs differently than the average adult’s body. Since the dosing guidelines for most drugs are not written to account for these differences, the potential for adverse reactions in pediatric and geriatric patients increases. When prescribing drugs to pediatric and geriatric patients, health care providers have to weigh benefits against potential harmful effects.

To prepare:

Review this week’s media presentation.
Review Chapter 4 and Chapter 6 in theArcangelo text, as well as the Hilmer, et al, article in the Learning Resources.
Select one of the following patient groups to be the focus of your Discussion: pediatric or geriatric.
Select a body system. Consider the pathophysiology of the system and how this body system absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs for the group you selected.
Select two classes of drugs. Consider the benefits and limitations of prescribing these classes of drugs to the group you selected.
By Day 4
Post an explanation of the pathophysiology of the body system you selected in the patient group you selected. Then, explain how this body system absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs in the patient group you selected. Finally, describe the benefits and limitations of prescribing two particular classes of drugs to patients in this group.

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Discussion:Assessment of Cardiac Status

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Discussion:Assessment of Cardiac Status

Assessment of Cardiac Status contains:

Describe a patient with a cardiac symptom or group of symptoms, such as palpitations, hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, or bradycardia. Do not limit yourself to these examples.What questions would you ask as part of your focused assessment?What history might be associated with the symptom, if any?What are the known risk factors for this condition?What physical examination techniques would you use?What patient education would you give to the patient?Find a nursing journal article about this symptom or condition.

Discussion:Assessment of Cardiac Status

Discussion:Assessment of Cardiac Status

Discussion:Assessment of Cardiac Status

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

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